Materials Literature
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A 1.8 μm diameter poly( N -vinylpyrrolidone)-stabilized polystyrene (PS) latex has been coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [PEDOT], an organic conducting polymer which exhibits good environmental stability. Despite its limited solubility, EDOT was successfully polymerized in aqueous solution using iron(III)…
A generalized continuum framework for the theory of solute transport in fluids is proposed and systematically developed. This framework rests on the introduction of a generic force balance for the solute, a balance distinct from the macroscopic momentum balance associated with the mixture. Special forms of such a forc…
The phase behavior of poly(styrene- b -butyl methacrylate), PS- b -PBMA, diblock copolymers was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), neutron reflectometry (NR), and rheology. For a symmetrical P(dS- b -nBMA) diblock copolymer a lower critical order transition (LCOT) at 155 °C was found by SANS and rh…
Data from the literature on four dilute solution properties radius of gyration, second virial coefficient, intrinsic viscosity, and diffusion coefficient were analyzed for linear flexible-chain polymers of several species in both thermodynamically good solvents and ϑ solvents. Each property was expressed as an effecti…
Highly disperse oxides X/SiO 2 (synthesized by using high-temperature hydrolysis of a SiCl 4 and MCl n (M = Al, Ti) blend or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique for preparation of CVD-X (X = TiO 2, GeO 2 ) on a fumed silica substrate) were studied by means of 1 H NMR, one-pass temperature-programmed desorption t…
The removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) from raw high-strength alcohol-distillery waste liquors was evaluated using three different treatments: thermolysis (T), noncatalytic wet oxidation (WO), and solid-catalyzed wet oxidation (CWO). The distillery liquors (TOC = 22 500 mg/L, sugars = 18 000 mg/L, and pr…
Silica “nanobubbles” are hollow spheres of silica that can be used as nanometer-sized containers for probe molecules. A method for the encapsulation of a fluorescent molecule into silica “nanobubbles” is reported. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye molecules were coadsorbed onto the surface of gold nanoparticles wi…
We present a new scheme for the construction of highly localized lattice Wannier functions. The approach is based on a heuristic criterion for localization and takes the symmetry constraints into account from the start. We compare the local modes thus obtained with those generated by other schemes and find that they a…
We calculate the differential cross-section of the direct double photo-ionization of He physisorbed on a polarizable surface. By including the influence of the surface potential in the correlated two-electron final state wavefunction, we show that the differential cross-section carries detailed information on the elec…
First principles calculations are used to investigate the band structure and the transport related properties of unfilled and filled 4d skutterudite antimonides. The calculations show that, while RhSb3 and p-type La(Rh,Ru)4Sb12 are unfavorable for thermoelectric application, n-type La(Rh,Ru)4Sb12 is very likely a high…
New opportunities are discussed for the pore-size engineering of mesoporous silicas using amines as swelling agents. It was shown that N, N -dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHA) is a convenient expander allowing for the synthesis of large-pore MCM-41 in mild conditions. Their pore size increased and the structural ordering d…
The network structure of native and carbodiimide cross-linked gelatin A and B gels was studied based on their rheological behavior. Gelatin A and B contain different numbers of carboxylic acid groups caused by different preparation conditions and had previously shown different characteristics in controlled release app…
Most immiscible polymer blends are produced by melt compounding in extruders. The melting and mixing process can generate morphologies ranging from disperse drops to fibers to lamella to cocontinuous structures. Controlling these morphologies is critical to performance of the final blend. This paper reviews recent res…
The series of ruthenium(II) mono(oligothienylacetylide) complexes trans -Ru(dppm) 2 (Cl)(C⋮CR) (dppm = Ph 2 PCH 2 PPh 2; R = 2-thienyl ( 1a ), 5-(2,2‘-bithienyl) ( 1b ), and 5-(2,2‘:5‘,2‘ ‘-terthienyl) ( 1c )) and bis(oligothienylacetylide) complexes trans -Ru(dppm) 2 (C⋮CR) 2 (R = 2-thienyl ( 2a ), 5-(2,2‘-bithienyl)…
Investigating the formation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) from a target composed of graphite, Ni, and Co, we compared the use of a pulsed CO 2 laser (pulse width of 20 ms, laser-power density of 0.1 MW/cm 2 ) with the use of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (pulse width of 5−7 ns, laser-power density of 4 GW/cm 2 ). Wh…
The structure of the model protein hen egg-white lysozyme dissolved in water and in five neat organic solvents (ethylene glycol, methanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), formamide, and dimethylformamide (DMF)) has been examined by means of 1H NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. The NMR spectra of lysozyme revea…
High-surface-area PrO y −ZrO 2 mixed oxide, crystallized in the cubic fluorite structure, is synthesized for the first time as a single-phase material over a wide range of composition by sol−gel processing. X-ray powder diffraction shows that the material remains single phase even after thermal treatment in air to 900…
The sonochemical reaction of an aqueous solution of GaCl 3 led to the formation of gallium oxide hydroxide rolled up in a scroll-like layered structure to give cylinders 80−120 nm in diameter and 500−600 nm in length. Small amounts of metallic Ga were incorporated with these tubes. A mechanism for this reaction has be…
Recent experiments (R. A. Baragiola and C. A. Dukes, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 76}, 2547 (1996)) with slow ions incident at grazing angle on metal surfaces have shown that bulk plasmons are excited under conditions where the ions do not penetrate the surface, contrary to the usual statement that probes exterior to an elec…
In the last ten years significant advances have been made in our understanding and ability to compute and predict properties of ferroelectrics and piezoelectrics using fundamental physics. Phase diagrams, electromechanical and elastic properties, and effects of defects and surfaces are now amenable to computation. Mos…