Materials Literature
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Microstructure of a joint between a Pb–Sn eutectic solder and an electroless Ni–8 mass% P has been examined using transmission electron microscopy. Four layers, i.e. Ni3Sn4, Ni48Sn52, Ni2SnP and Ni–20 mass% P, are formed between the solder and the electroless Ni–8 mass% P. Among them, Ni48Sn52 and Ni2SnP were found fo…
Natural olivine is used for gasification of biomass in a fluidised bed. Characterisations by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) have proved the presence of a (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 structure (Mg/Fe ratio: 9/1) with a rather broad distribution in elemental composition. Temperature programmed reduction has…
Amorphous and relaxed epitaxial GeSi films are prepared by Ge-implantation into Si(111) wafers of both 60 keV and 200 keV energetic Ge+-ions with appropriate dose, followed by post-implantation thermal annealing, comprising a single final annealing at a temperature of 900 °C. The implantation dose was varied between 1…
Blazed-binary gratings are recent diffractive elements which implement continuous phase delays through a gradient-index artificial material with subwavelength binary etches. Their performance in the resonance domain opens up new perspectives for manufacturing fast lenses.
Thermoelectric properties of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are quite sensitive to gases in contact with the tube walls. This effect makes possible a thermoelectric chemical sensor. Large, reversible swings in thermoelectric power (S), sometimes even involving sign changes in S, have been observed. Even contact o…
The corrosion and galvanic compatibility of a high-strength copper-nickel alloy, MARINEL, to martensitic (Type 416 S21 [UNS S41600]) and general-purpose austenitic (Type 316 S11 [UNS S31600]) stainless steels (SS) were investigated in natural seawater. The galvanic properties were compared to a superduplex SS (FERRALI…
First-principles ( ab initio ) electronic structure calculations allow detailed studies of the energetics of materials under high pressures. Here we illustrate some of the important themes using mainly examples from work on Si and Ge.
A new technique for analyzing partial discharge (PD) signals based on ultra-high frequency (UHF) measurements is presented, using results from site tests. Signals from simultaneously active discharge sources can be mapped according to their point of origin in a manner that will simplify the interpretation of phase-res…
The quality of chitosan produced from shrimp shell depends on the conditions of the chemical extraction process, including the concentration of chemicals used, the soaking time and the sequence of the treatments for deproteination, decalcification and deacetylation. The results show that 4% NaOH is a suitable concentr…
The novel convergent growth approach to dendritic macromolecules is described. Polyether dendritic sectors [G-na]-OH from the first to the fourth generations, respectively, were prepared by this approach from readily available starting material.
Copper–alkali ion exchange is used for doping superficial layers of different silicate glasses (commercial soda-lime and BK7) with copper ions. Spectroscopic and time-resolved photoluminescence properties of the obtained systems are studied in the range of 80–294 K. Analysis indicates the presence of Cu+ ions located…
Des isothermes pression–volume ont été déterminées sur trois systèmes hétérogènes « eau–zéolithe ». Les deux premiers concernent des zéolithes très hydrophobes, purement siliciques, la silicalite-1 (F − ) et la zéolithe β (F − ) ; le troisième est constitué par une zéolithe commerciale, plus hydrophile de type ZSM-5.…
This review attempts to present the most salient developments of research on organic conductors and superconductors during the past 10 years. A theoretical introduction treats instabilities of quasi-one-dimensional electron systems and associated precursor effects which are relevant to the experimental results on orga…
We tested correlations between lipophilicity parameters and the partitioning of sensitizers into membranes. For this purpose we investigated 17 porphyrins and two chlorins having various chemical structures. Some of these compounds possess an amphiphilic structure (including hematoporphyrin, deuteroporphyrin, mesoporp…
This comprehensive reference work provides an overview of, and practical guide to, the various computer-aided microscopical techniques used in materials science today. After introducing the reader to the basic concepts of optics, the interactions between light and matter, and image processing, the book goes on to disc…
The novel carborane–ferrocene conjugated dyads 1–3 and 6–8 were synthesized and their NLO properties were investigated. ortho-, meta-, and para-carboranes act as electron-withdrawing groups, and the para-carborane dyads 3 and 8 exhibited higher β values (hyperpolarizability) than the ortho- and meta-carborane analogue…
The influence of ambient concentrations of carbon dioxide on the NaCl-induced atmospheric corrosion of high purity die-cast MgAl alloys (AM20 and AM60) and MgAlZn alloy (AZ91) is reported. Samples were exposed four weeks in a carefully controlled synthetic atmosphere. Relative humidity was 95%, the temperature was 22.…
A nuclear reactor pressure vessel steel was submitted to different annealing heat treatments aimed at simulating neutron irradiation damage. The obtained microstructures were mechanically tested with subsequent metallographic and fractographic characterization. The relevant microstructural and fractographic aspects we…
Hexametaphosphate tends to increase release of both particulate and soluble lead to drinking water. In this study, for every milligram per litre of residual hexametaphosphate, soluble lead increased by ∼ 1.6 mg/L after 72‐h stagnation in pure lead pipes compared with the same condition dosed with orthophosphate. Utili…
A p-type ZnO layer was fabricated by excimer laser doping technique using thermally oxidized ZnO films. Epitaxial ZnO(0001) films were formed by thermal oxidation of epitaxial ZnSe films on Si(111) substrate grown by remote plasma enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The p-type ZnO was fabricated by excim…