Materials Literature
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Abstract Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was immobilized on celite and on polyacrylamide by an absorption procedure. The properties of the immobilized invertase were characterized and compared with those of soluble invertase. The activity yield for immobilized invertase on celite and on polyacrylamide was 92%…
Hydrogen is the lightest element. At ambient conditions on a volume basis it stores the least amount of energy compared to other fuel carriers such as natural gas and gasoline. For hydrogen to become a practical fuel carrier, a way must be found to increase its volumetric energy density to a practical level. Present t…
The paper presents Nitinol, a Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy, as a smart material for medical implants and devices. The atomistic nature of shape memory and superelasticity of Nitinol and the associated unique changes in mechanical properties are described. The smartness of the material is exemplified by its use f…
Mesoporous gold−silica nanocomposites have been synthesized through simple one-step sol−gel reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with a gold sol in the presence of dibenzoyl tartaric acid (DBTA) as a nonsurfactant template. The gold nanoparticles were incorporated into the three-dimensional silica network thro…
Cadmium selenide nanorods, unique nanostructures which possess bright and up to 100% polarized photoluminescence, now can be arranged unidirectionally in a single line. The method is based on the chemical attachment of nanorods to the surface of a single cleaved semiconductor nanolayer and exploits a combination of we…
A novel approach to hyperbranched polymers is presented in this work. Hyperbranched polyesters with a large amount of terminal hydroxyl groups are prepared by a one-pot synthesis from commercially available AB-type and CD(n)-type monomers (n >/= 2). In this paper, Michael addition of diethanolamine (CD(2)) or N-methyl…
Unusual arrangements of nanoparticles were observed during the synthesis and subsequent dissolution of PbS particles under the action of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in solutions containing hydrophilic polymers. At the selected polymer and surfactant concentrations, the surfactant forms the insoluble le…
An unprecedented combination of photochromism and electrochromism is observed for two 1,2-bis(dithienyl)cyclopentene derivatives; the ring-opening reactions are photochemically driven while the ring-closing reactions can be triggered by electrochemical oxidation.
We describe the influence of particle concentration on the formation of crystals from soft colloidal particles. Specifically, laser scanning confocal and differential interference contrast microscopies are used to directly observe the packing in entropic crystals formed from submicron-sized particles composed of the t…
We investigate the jump motion among potential energy minima of a Lennard-Jones model glass former by extensive computer simulation. From the time series of minima energies, it becomes clear that the energy landscape is organized in superstructures called metabasins. We show that diffusion can be pictured as a random…
The determination of the structure of inhomogeneous metal-oxide surfaces represents a formidable task. With the present study, we demonstrate that using the binding energy of a probe molecule, CO, is a reliable tool to validate structural models for such complex surfaces. Combining several types of first-principles ca…
A comparative study is reported on the solubilization of as-prepared and purified single-walled carbon nanotubes with diamine-terminated oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) in different functionalization reactions under various conditions. The soluble nanotube samples were characterized by using spectroscopic, microscopi…
Two columnar phases of bent-core molecules have been observed, with a two-dimensional (2D) structure modulated in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the spontaneous polarization vector. The phases are switchable under an applied electric field, contrary to the commonly observed 2D modulated B1 phase. These ne…
We observe a stringlike domain penetration from a ferroelectric surface deep into the crystal bulk induced by a high voltage atomic force microscope tip. The domains, which resemble channels of an electrical breakdown, nucleate under an electric field of around 10(7) V/cm at the ferroelectric surface, and grow through…
We report the characterization of the crystal structure, low-temperature charge and orbital ordering, transport, and magnetization of Pr_{0.6}Ca_{0.4}MnO_{3} films grown on LaAlO_{3}, NdGaO_{3}, and SrTiO_{3} substrates, which provide compressive (LaAlO_{3}) and tensile (NdGaO_{3} and SrTiO_{3}) strain. The films are…
Large Hall resistance jumps are observed in microdevices patterned from epitaxial (Ga,Mn)As layers when subjected to a swept, in-plane magnetic field. This giant planar Hall effect is 4 orders of magnitude greater than previously observed in metallic ferromagnets. This enables extremely sensitive measurements of the a…
Design and fabrication of thin film GaAs Grating-Assisted Resonant-Cavity LEDs (GA-RCLED) emitting at 980 nm are reported. The devices are fabricated by gluing the sample and a transfer substrate with benzocyclobutene (BCB) and consequently thinning the sample. The design is optimised for a high extraction efficiency.…
The relation between the uptake of atmospheric CO(2) and insect's production of silk fiber has not yet been reported. Here, we provide the first quantitative demonstrations that four species of silkworms (Bombyx mori, Samia cynthia ricini, Antheraea pernyi, and Antheraea yamamai) and a silk-producing spider (Nephila c…
A new series of molybdenum organophosphonates with a Mo∶P ratio of 1∶1 have been isolated. The proposed formulation for these compounds is (MoV2MoVI4O12)(O3XR)4[O2(OH)XR]2(EtOH)x [when X = P, R = C6H5, C6H5CH2, CH3 or C2H5; when X = As, R = C6H5; x = 5 (for R = C6H5 or CH2C6H5) or 4 (for R = CH3 or C2H5)]. These compo…
Fluorocopolymers of vinyl acetate (VAc) and one of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), or vinylidene fluoride (VDF), or fluorocopolymer blends with PVAc, were cast from solution on Teflon-coated glass slides and analyzed for surface composition at both the air−polymer and Teflon−polymer surfaces…