Materials Literature
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Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on heated (300°C) glass substrates by reactive mid-frequency (mf, 50 kHz) magnetron sputtering using dual magnetron cathodes with aluminum–zinc alloy targets. In order to keep the very high deposition rate, reactive gas control using plasma emission was carried out…
Crystal engineering with nanoobjects? Spherical structurally well-defined molybdenum-oxide-based giant clusters can be appropriately functionalized to a crystalline material with the remarkable property of having discrete cluster units which get covalently linked to form chains (see picture) through Fe−O−Mo bonds afte…
The low-temperature phase behavior of two 2:1 hard-core electrolyte models has been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. In the first model, both bivalent cations and monovalent anions are spherical, and the charges are located at the ion's centers; in the second model, bivalent cations are modeled as rigid dimers…
Catalytic ensembles suitable for alkene epoxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide are now accessible. They are made by grafting robust titanium silsesquioxane sites onto dimethylsiloxane polymers (see picture) followed by cross-linking to three-dimensionally netted polymers.
We have studied electromigration short-line effects in Cu damascene interconnects through experiments on lines of various lengths L, stressed at a variety of current densities j, and embedded in different dielectric materials. We observed two modes of resistance evolution: Either the resistance of the lines remains co…
Abstract Copolymers of N ‐cyclohexylmaleimide (ChMI) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized by the emulsion semibatch copolymerization method. The effects of the monomer mixture composition on the average molecular weight ( M n and M w ), glass transition temperature (T g ), degradation temperature, mechanical…
The phenomenon of magnetization reversal in a hard magnet is studied analytically within a framework of a simplified energy minimization model for a two grain system. The transition region (a domain wall-like moment structure) is found to play a crucial role in nucleating a reversed domain and in the subsequent format…
We found a new type of dislocation motion in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite during subsurface observation by ultrasonic atomic force microscopy. As a load was applied by the tip, apparent edge-type dislocations (Frank partial dislocations) moved to the direction of climb over distances of 47 nm and returned to the…
Dendritic growth experiments were conducted in the reduced-convection environment aboard the space shuttle Columbia on STS-87. Spectral analysis was performed on 30-frame/s video data during growths of isothermal dendrites. Results indicate that pivalic acid dendrites exhibit a subtle oscillatory behavior of the axial…
X-ray investigation was carried out to examine the ferroelectric phase transition in glycinium phosphite, NH 3 CH 2 COOHH 2 PO 3 , from the structural point of view. The result indicates that the crystal belongs to the space group P 2 1 in the ferroelectric phase and the unit cell parameters obtained at 198 K are a =9…
Considering impurity molecules functioning as switches, the charge-transport process on a single conducting polymer chain is analyzed. The dynamics of polarons and bipolarons is studied with the time-dependent unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation using a combination of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger and extended Hubbard…
We report the results of studies, using digital video microscopy, of the spatial distribution of particles in a quasi-one-dimensional colloidal liquid. The system studied consists of a water suspension of silica particles with diameter σ=1.58 μm confined in a 3 μm×3 μm×2 mm silicone elastomer channel. The measured spa…
Parallel and fishbone carbon nanofibres have an interesting and varied surface. Although HRTEM (see image) shows some detail, the characterisation provided by infrared spectroscopy reveals a wealth of defect-rich structures.
Lamellar organic–inorganic nickel silicates have been synthesised under hydrothermal conditions at 170 °C from a mixture of nickel acetate solution and (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The influence of the presence or absence of a mineralising agent such as HF or NH4F has been studied. Structural characterisations show t…
Dumbbell-shaped molecules consisting of three biphenyls connected through vinyl linkages as a conjugated rod segment and aliphatic polyether dendritic wedges with different cross-sections (i.e., dibranch (1), tetrabranch (2) and hexabranch (3)) were synthesized and characterized. The molecular dumbbells self-assemble…
Galena (PbS) is a major ingredient in ancient Egyptian eye makeup. The microstructure of PbS in Egyptian cosmetic powders is used as a fingerprint and is matched with the microstructures produced artificially in geological galena minerals. The microstructure of PbS is determined by x-ray diffraction peak profile analy…
The results of studies of the preparation, structure, and optical properties of undoped and Gd-doped CeO2 thin films are presented. Dense films with 4–150 nm grain size have been obtained on monocrystalline sapphire substrates using a polymeric precursor spin coating method. The results of the optical measurements are…
The critical behavior of the double perovskite ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeMoO}}_{6}$ (SFMO) is investigated by measurements of the magnetization $(M),$ susceptibility $(\ensuremath{\chi}),$ and temperature derivative of the resistivity $(d\ensuremath{\rho}/dT),$ the last of which has the same critical exponent as th…
2,9,16,23-Tetrakis(2-pyrrol-1-ylalkoxy)phthalocyanines, in which the phthalocyanine is connected via an alkylene spacer to a pyrrole substituent, are prepared via three steps in good yields. For the first time monomers with groups for electropolymerisation electronically isolated from the phthalocyanine are described.…
Graphitization of {100} and {111} faces of diamond crystals at pressures of 0.1 and 2 GPa and various temperatures was studied by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray single crystal diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Different primary mechanisms of graphitization are discussed: (a) normal growth of graphite layer…