Materials Literature
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In patients requiring coronary or peripheral vascular bypass procedures, autogenous vein is currently the conduit of choice. If this is unavailable, then a prosthetic material is used. Prosthetic graft is liable to fail due to occlusion of the graft. To prevent graft occlusion, seeding of the graft lumen with endothel…
Platelet‐shaped particles of similar size and shape were investigated as fillers for improving the thermal conductivity of polymer–ceramic composite materials. The conductivities of composites filled with hard, stiff ceramic particles exceeded 3.5 W·(m·K) −1 , or >20 times the conductivity of the polymer matrix, an…
Changes in the way foods are produced, distributed, stored and retailed, reflecting the continuing increase in consumer demands for improved quality and extended shelf-life for packaged foods, are placing ever-greater demands on the performance of food packaging. Consumers want to be assured that the packaging is fulf…
A realistic assessment of future interconnect performance is addressed, specifically, by modeling copper (Cu) wire effective resistivity in the light of technological and reliability constraints. The scaling-induced rise in resistance in the future may be significantly exacerbated due to an increase in Cu resistivity…
We have studied the field-screening effect provoked by the proximity of neighboring tubes by changing the tube height of highly ordered carbon nanotubes fabricated on porous anodic aluminum oxide templates. The field emission was critically affected by the tube height that protruded from the surface. The field emissio…
There are many reasons why one would want to form chemical attachments to the walls or ends of carbon nanotubes: these chemical bonds might be used to tailor the interaction of the nanotube with other entities, such as a solvent, a polymer matrix, or other nanotubes. The chemically functionalized nanotube might have m…
Pure copper with ultrafine grain sizes and nanoscale subgrain (dislocation) structures was prepared by using severe plastic deformation through cold rolling at subambient temperatures, with or without subsequent recovery annealing. We report coexisting high strength and tensile ductility (large elongation to failure a…
A model for a moderately deep underwater explosion bubble is developed that integrates the shock wave and oscillation phases of the motion. A hyperacoustic relationship is formulated that relates bubble volume acceleration to far-field pressure profile during the shock-wave phase, thereby providing initial conditions…
When a liquid drop (1−2 μL) is placed on a surface possessing a continuous gradient of wettability, it moves toward the more wettable part of the gradient with typical speeds of 1−2 mm/s. This low speed arises because the driving force due to surface tension is reduced by contact angle hysteresis. The hysteresis force…
Solar cells based on copper ternary chalcogenide compounds and alloys have emerged over the last 20 years as a promising solution to the problem of high-cost solar cells. Solar power conversion efficiencies exceed 21% in laboratory devices using thin films of these materials, and their characteristic thinness results…
The clearance rate of liposomal drugs from the circulation is determined by the rate and extent of both drug release and uptake of liposomes by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Intravenously injected liposomes initially come into contact with serum proteins. The interaction of liposomes with serum prot…
The modem history of liquid crystals has been dominated by the development of electronic displays. These developments began in 1964, when Heilmeier of RCA Laboratories discovered the guest-host mode and the dynamic-scattering mode. He thought a wall-sized flat-panel color TV was just around the corner From that point…
Materials based on renewable resources are being developed at an increasing rate. Today, the only biobased food-packaging materials used commercially on a major scale are based on cellulose. However, materials based on proteins, starch, polylactate and other renewable resources may be the food-packaging materials of t…
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit peculiar thermomechanical, thermoelectrical and thermochemical behaviors under mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical conditions. Examples of these materials are Cu-based SMAs, NiTi SMAs, ferrous SMAs, shape memory ceramics and shape memory polymers. NiTi SMAs in particular, ha…
The present work is a study of the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of a series of binary Ti-Nb alloys with Nb contents up to 35 wt%, with emphasis placed on the structure-property relationship of the alloys. The results indicate that crystal structure and morphology of the Ti-Nb alloys ar…
The presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) at the surface of a liposomal carrier has been clearly shown to extend the circulation lifetime of the vehicle. To this point, the extended circulation lifetime that the polymer affords has been attributed to the reduction or prevention of protein adsorption. However, there…
ABSTRACT: : Edible chitosan coatings showed anti‐ Listeria monocytogenes effect evaluated by numeration and epifluorescence methods, imparting a strong localized functional effect at the food surface by active packaging. The use of film‐forming solution in culture liquid medium showed a known flocculant phenomenon com…
Ring-opening polymerization of various lactones and lactides initiated by lanthanum isopropoxide has been investigated. Analysis of molecular weights and molecular-weight distributions of the resulting polymers shows that the ring-opening process is a controlled reaction, which is initiated by a variable number of iso…
PURPOSE: Anti-HER2 immunoliposomes combine the tumor-targeting of certain anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with the pharmacokinetic and drug delivery capabilities of sterically stabilized liposomes. We previously showed that anti-HER2 immunoliposomes bind efficiently to and internalize in HER2-overexpressing cel…
Silver products have two key advantages: they are broad-spectrum antibiotics and are not yet associated with drug resistance. This article, the first in a two-part series, describes the main mechanism of action of this metallic element.