Materials Literature
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Local symmetry breaking in complex materials is emerging as an important contributor to materials properties but is inherently difficult to study. Here we follow up an earlier structural observation of such a local symmetry broken phase in the technologically important compound PbTe with a study of the lattice dynamic…
Electronic properties and atomic structures of W, N, S, W/N, and W/S dopings of anatase TiO_2 have been systematically investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). The exchange and correlation effects have been treated with Heyd, Scuseria and Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional. Mixing traditional semi-local…
Grain boundaries in ultrafine grained (UFG) materials processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) are often called "non-equilibrium" grain boundaries. Such boundaries are characterized by excess grain boundary energy, presence of long range elastic stresses and enhanced free volumes. These features and related pheno…
By electron and X-ray diffraction we establish that the CrB$_4$ compound discovered over 40 years ago crystallizes in the $oP10$ (\emph{Pnnm}) structure, in disagreement with previous experiments but in agreement with a recent first-principles prediction. The 3D boron network in the new structure is a distorted versio…
Mixtures (1 - x) LiGdF4 + x LiLuF4 (0.50? \leq x \leq 0.75) were melted and submitted to one zone melting cycle under a reactive HF atmosphere, aiming the study of the crystal growth of LiGd1-xLuxF4 solid solutions. Phase identification and compositional studies of the ingots were performed by scanning electron micros…
The increasing industrial application of metal oxide Engineered Nano-Particles (ENPs) is likely to increase their environmental release to soils. While the potential of metal oxide ENPs as environmental toxicants has been shown, lack of suitable control treatments have compromised the power of many previous assessment…
First principles calculations are employed to provide a fundamental understanding of the relationship between the reactivity of synthetic calcium silicate phases and their electronic structure. Our aim is to shed light on the wide range of hydration kinetics observed in different phases of calcium silicate. For exampl…
Abstract Growth of tungsten nano-tendrils (‘fuzz’) has been observed for the first time in the divertor region of a high-power density tokamak experiment. After 14 consecutive helium L-mode discharges in Alcator C-Mod, the tip of a tungsten Langmuir probe at the outer strike point was fully covered with a layer of nan…
Injectable in situ crosslinkable gels are highly desirable clinically as they can be introduced into a body via a minimally invasive manner using endoscopic or percutaneous procedures. Several hydrophilic polymeric systems that respond to stimuli such as light, temperature, pH, ionic concentration as well as those tha…
Novel three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical cotton-candy-like CuO microspheres were synthesized by a facile precursor templated conversion method. The precursor was prepared by solvothermal method in ethylene glycol (EG) without the use of any surfactant. The possible formation mechanism of the precursor was proposed an…
The advance of nanomaterials has opened new opportunities to develop ever more sensitive sensors owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio. However, it is challenging to achieve intrinsic sensitivities of nanomaterials for ultra-low level detections due to their vulnerability against contaminations. Here we show tha…
Abstract Highly conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films are obtained using ionic liquids as additives. Upon adding 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate (EMIM TCB) to the conducting polymer, the conductivity increases to 2084 S cm −1 ; this is attributed to the phase…
Abstract In this article, we describe the fabrication by melt mixing of graphene‐polypropylene nanocomposites and present the effect of graphene addition on some selected properties of polypropylene (PP). The graphene nanosheets (GNs) used as nano‐reinforcing agents were obtained through chemical reduction of graphene…
Graphene based 2-D carbon nanostructures provide new opportunities to fortify semiconductor based light harvesting assemblies. Electron and energy transfer rates from photoexcited CdSe colloidal quantum dots (QDs) to graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were isolated by analysis of excited state deacti…
Phosphorus (P) is a critical driver of phytoplankton growth and ecosystem function in the ocean. Diatoms are an abundant class of marine phytoplankton that are responsible for significant amounts of primary production. With the control they exert on the oceanic carbon cycle, there have been a number of studies focused…
Abstract Understanding thermal energy transport in polymeric nanocomposite materials is important to the engineering of polymer composites with better engineered heat transfer properties. Interfacial thermal resistance between the filling particles and the polymer matrices is a major bottleneck for the thermal conduct…
Cancer is the current leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for approximately one quarter of all deaths in the USA and UK. Nanotechnologies provide tremendous opportunities for multimodal, site-specific drug delivery to these disease sites and Au nanoparticles further offer a particularly unique set of physica…
The evolution of the structure and morphology in poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(butylene succinate) (PTT/PBS) blends induced by transesterification between PTT and PBS at different blending temperatures for 2 h and various times at 270°C was investigated. By control of the extent of transesterification, the deg…
Residual stress properties have been studied in grain oriented 3% Si-Fe commercial sheets (grade M140-30S, EN 10107:2005) using mechanical Barkhausen effect (MBE). The MBE is due do abrupt movement of 90 deg magnetic domain walls during mechanical loading. Two types of stress loading have been used at this experiment.…
Film thickness effect on saturation magnetostriction of Fe and Fe98B2thin films has been investigated in relation to the film strain. Saturation magnetostriction varies from -4 × 10-6to +3 × 10-6with decreasing the film thickness from 40 to 10 nm, changing the sign at around 15 nm for both the Fe and the Fe98B2films.…