Materials Literature
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This article reviews recent significant advances in the design of nanofiber scaffolds for orthopedic tissue repair and regeneration. It begins with a brief introduction on the limitations of current approaches for orthopedic tissue repair and regeneration. It then illustrates that rationally designed scaffolds made up…
The development of electrical insulation is closely associated with the development of electrical apparatus. Up to about 1925 only naturally occurring products such as asphalt, rubber, mica, cotton thread or fabric were generally used. Mineral oil-impregnated paper was used in transformers, capacitors, and underground…
Corrosion control of metals is technically, economically, environmentally, and aesthetically important. The best option is to use inhibitors for protecting metals and alloys against corrosion. As organic corrosion inhibitors are toxic in nature, so green inhibitors which are biodegradable, without any heavy metals and…
PbTe is a well-known thermoelectric material. Recent x-ray total scattering studies suggest that Pb moves off center along 100 in PbTe, by ∼0.2 Å at 300 K, producing a split Pb-Te pair distribution. We present an extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) study of PbTe (and Tl doped PbTe) to determi…
Fundamental insights into the macromolecular architecture of plant cell walls will elucidate new structure-property relationships and facilitate optimization of catalytic processes that produce fuels and chemicals from biomass. Here we introduce computational methodology to extract nanoscale geometry of cellulose micr…
The growth of multilayer silicene is an exciting challenge for the future of silicon nano-electronics. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to map the entire Brillouin zone (BZ) of (√3 × √3)R30° reconstructed epitaxial multilayer silicene islands, growing on top of the first (3 × 3) reconstructed sil…
We investigate charge transport of $pn$ and $npn$ junctions made from silicene, a Si analogue of graphene. The conductance shows the distinct gate-voltage dependencies peculiar to the topological and nontopological phases, where the topological phase transition is caused by external electric field. Namely, the conduct…
The control of complex oxide heterostructures at atomic level generates a rich spectrum of exotic properties and unexpected states at the interface between two separately prepared materials. The frustration of magnetization and conductivity of manganite perovskite at surface/interface which is inimical to their device…
The electronic and optical properties of the cubic perovskite, BaSnO 3, are compared with the well-known transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), SnO 2 and In 2 O 3 . The optical band gaps of the undoped compounds, as measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy on powdered samples, are 3.1 eV for BaSnO 3 and 3.8 eV for…
We present a method of extracting the exchange parameters of the classical Heisenberg model from first-principles calculations of spin-spiral total energies based on density functional theory. The exchange parameters of the transition-metal monoxides MnO and NiO are calculated and used to estimate magnetic properties…
Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in In$_2$O$_3 thin films doped with 5 at.% vanadium, prepared by pulsed laser deposition at substrate temperatures ranging from 300 to 600 $\,^{\circ}{\rm C}$. X-ray absorption fine structure measurement indicated that vanadium was substitutionally dissolved in the In$_2$O$…
We investigate the thermoelectric properties of $β$-FeSi$_{\text2}$ using first principles electronic structure and Boltzmann transport calculations. We report a high thermopower for both \textit{p}- and \textit{n}-type $β$-FeSi$_{\text2}$ over a wide range of carrier concentration and in addition find the performance…
Chemically inert Coatings on Havar entrance foils of the targets for [18F] production via proton irradiation of enriched water at pressurized conditions are needed to decrease the amount of ionic contaminants released from Havar. In order to find the most effective protective coatings, the Nb-based coating microstruct…
The growing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products has raised concerns about their potential impact on the environment and human health. Whether AgNPs dissolve and release Ag(+) ions, or coarsen to form large aggregates, is critical in determining their potential toxicity. In this work, the stability…
Superhydrophobic textiles are materials that have been treated to become resistant to penetration by water and wetting. Such materials have attracted substantial interest because of their high potential for applications in various areas. They are usually made in a two-step coating process: formation of nanoscale rough…
We report a novel pH-responsive gold nanoparticle-stabilized liposome system for gastric antimicrobial delivery. By adsorbing small chitosan-modified gold nanoparticles (diameter ~10 nm) onto the outer surface of negatively charged phospholipid liposomes (diameter ~75 nm), we show that at gastric pH the liposomes have…
Aliphatic polycarbonates were discovered a long time ago, with their conventional applications mostly limited to low molecular weight oligomeric intermediates for copolymerization with other polymers. Recent developments in polymerization techniques have overcome the difficulty in preparing high molecular weight aliph…
We have synthesized a new layered BiS2-based compound, SrFBiS2. This compound has a similar structure to LaOBiS2. It is built up by stacking up SrF layers and NaCl-type BiS2 layers alternatively along the c axis. Electric transport measurement indicates that SrFBiS2 is a semiconductor. Thermal transport measurement sh…
We develop an efficient Ewald method of molecular dynamics simulation for calculating the electrostatic interactions among charged and polar particles between parallel metallic plates, where we may apply an electric field with an arbitrary size. We use the fact that the potential from the surface charges is equivalent…
Although the corresponding carbon-metal interactions can be very different, a similar nonlinear growth behavior of graphene has been observed for different metal substrates. To understand this interesting experimental observation, a multiscale ``standing-on-the-front'' kinetic Monte Carlo study is performed. An extrao…