Stages in the final computer control of cement kilns
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Refractive Index of Several Glasses as a Function of Wavelength and Temperature*
Index of refraction has been measured on fused silica, Corning code 7940, ultraviolet grade; Vycor, Corning Code 7913, optical grade, and aluminosilicate glass, Corning Code 1723. Values of n are given in the range 0.2–3.4 μ and at temperatures from 26° to 826°C. The minimum-deviation technique was used, employing a m…
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY MODEL FOR POLYCRYSTALLINE FILMS: THE CASE OF SPECULAR REFLECTION AT EXTERNAL SURFACES
A model is developed for estimating effects due to electron scattering from grain boundaries, occurring simultaneously with background scattering. Since grain-boundary effects are negligible in bulk materials, the model is particularly relevant to polycrystalline metal films in which a very fine-grained structure is o…
Anodic oxide films on aluminum
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAnodic oxide films on aluminumJ. W. Diggle, Thomas C. Downie, and C. W. GouldingCite this: Chem. Rev. 1969, 69, 3, 365–405Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60259a005h…
Butene‐1/propylene copolymers. Influence of the comonomerie units on polymorphism
Abstract Butene‐1/propylene copolymers at different compositions have been studied by differential scanning calorimeter (D.S.C.) and dilatometric techniques in order to ascertain the influence of the comonomeric units on polymorphism. The results suggest that the phase transitions of these copolymers have the peculiar…
The hydration structure of collagen
Abstract The partially oriented state of water absorbed on bovine achilles tendon has been confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The average orientation is described in terms of three parameters which have been determined uniquely by using a novel combination of magnetic resonance and dielectric measurement…
Simple Band Model for Amorphous Semiconducting Alloys
Because of the near perfect local satisfaction of the valence requirements of each atom, which is complemented by the positional and compositional disorder, covalently bonded amorphous alloys are intrinsic semiconductors. We describe a band model with some novel features, which successfully describes several important…
Theory of Transitions from Large to Nearly-Small Polarons, with Application to Zr-Doped Superconducting SrTiO3
Expressions for the matrix elements of the Hamiltonian and overlap integrals between large-polaron and nearly-small-polaron states are given in terms of various large- and nearly-small-polaron parameters. The dependence of the mass of the ground state on the bare-electron mass in a region of transition between large-…
Mechanisms of Energy Transport in Ruby
The experimental results of Imbusch on energy transfer between single ions and pairs in 0.003%–1% Cr3+:Al2O3 are re-examined. It is shown that the energy transfer can only be plausibly explained on the basis of orbitally dependent exchange rather than the electric quadrupole–quadrupole interaction as has been postulat…
Phonon Scattering by Conduction Electrons and by Lattice Vacancies in Carbides of the Transition Metals
The scattering of phonons by point defects in high concentrations and by electrons has been studied in the cubic transition metal carbides. The specimens were single crystals containing up to 24% carbon-atom vacancies: $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{C}}_{x}$, $\mathrm{Zr}{\mathrm{C}}_{x}$, and $\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{C}}_{x}$, wit…
Band Structure and Fermi Surface of ReO3
The nonrelativistic augmented-plane-wave (APW) method has been applied to calculate the band structure of Re${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. An important feature of this calculation is that it includes corrections to the usual "muffintin" approximation. Because of convergence difficulties, the APW calculation has been carried out…
Vibronic Coupling. VI. Vibronic Borrowing in Cyclic Polyenes and Porphyrin
Vibronic borrowing in closed-shell aromatics is investigated by means of the cyclic-polyene model with the π electrons treated according to simple Hückel theory and the σ electrons treated as outlined by Longuet-Higgins and Salem. The basis set for the vibronic wavefunctions consists of single-product Born–Oppenheimer…
Ferroelectric Tungsten Bronze-Type Crystal Structures. II. Barium Sodium Niobate Ba(4 + x)Na(2 − 2x)Nb10O30
Ferroelectric Ba(4+x)Na(2 − 2x)Nb10O30, with a Curie temperature of 833°K, has a tungsten bronze-type structure and crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, with subcell lattice constants a = 17.59182 ± 0.00001, b = 17.62560 ± 0.00005, and c = 3.994915 ± 0.000004 Å at 298°K. The space group is Cmm2, and there are two…
First-Order Raman Effect in Wurtzite-Type Crystals
First-order Raman scattering from BeO, ZnO, ZnS, and CdS, all having the wurtzite structure (${C}_{6v}$), has been investigated. A discussion of the effects of the competition between the long-range electrostatic forces and the short-range forces due to anisotropy in the interatomic force constants on the vibrational…
Density of "Amorphous" Ge
The density of vapor-deposited "amorphous" Ge was determined from x-ray-diffraction absorption measurements and found to be the same as the density of crystalline Ge within \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5%.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in AntiferromagneticRb2MnCl4·2H2O andCs2MnCl4·2H2O
The NMR spectra of H, Cl, Rb, or Cs nuclei in antiferromagnetic ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}$Mn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O and ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$Mn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O were used to study magnetic ordering in these…
Studies of Phase Transitions in Order-Disorder Ferroelectrics. III. The Phase Transition in KH2PO4and a Comparison with KD2PO4
Calorimetric, dielectric, and electrocaloric measurements have been performed on single-crystal samples of K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ in the neighborhood of the ferroelectric phase transition, and show that the transition is of first order, with a discontinuous entropy change of $({{0.0456}_{\ensuremath{-}…
Lindhard Dielectric Functions with a Finite Electron Lifetime
The finite-electron-lifetime expressions for the longitudinal and transverse dielectric functions of a free-electron gas obtained by Lindhard in the self-consistent-field approximation are examined. It is shown that these results are incorrect, and appropriate expressions are developed for the case where the system ca…
Yafet-Kittel Angles in Zinc-Nickel Ferrites
The chemical and magnetic structures of the ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ system have been determined using neutron diffraction for $x=0, 0.25, 0.50, \mathrm{and} 0.75$. The data yield a cation distribution (${{\mathrm{Zn}}_{x}}^{2+}{{\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}…