Materials Literature
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<div class="htmlview paragraph">The LEV II and EURO V legislation in 2007/2008 require a high conversion level for nitrogen oxides to meet the emission levels for diesel SUVs and trucks. Therefore, U.S. and European truck manufacturers are considering the introduction of urea SCR systems no later than model year…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Transesterified fuels (biodiesel fuels; BDF) from vegetable oils are alternative fuels for diesel engines, they are renewable and offer potential reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. Many studies have reported that exhaust from BDF has equal or higher NOx concentrations while H…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The potential for thermoelectric power generation via waste heat recovery onboard automobiles to displace alternators and/or provide additional charging to a hybrid vehicle battery pack has increased with recent advances in thermoelectric materials processing. A preliminary design…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The maximum use temperature of a diesel particulate filter is often thought to be limited only by the melting point of the filter material itself. This paper suggests that the maximum practical use temperature for filters is limited not by the intrinsic filter melting temperature,…
A possibility of explaining the light absorption observed to occur under pressure-induced xenon metallization as due to the transition to the superconducting state is analyzed. The mechanism of the van der Waals bonding is discussed.
By introducing a set of auxiliary equations representing a many-body system, we have derived an extension of the Kohn-Sham scheme for the density functional theory. These equations consist of a Kohn-Sham-type equation determining single-particle orbitals and an eigen-value equation for an effective many-body problem.…
A series of calculations on MgB2 and related isoelectronic systems indicates that the layer of Mg(2+) ions lowers the non-bonding B "pi" (p_z) bands relative to the bonding "sigma" (sp_xp_y) bands compared to graphite, causing sigma --> pi charge transfer and sigma band doping of 0.13 holes/cell. Due to their two dime…
The physical mechanisms for damage formation in graphite films induced by femtosecond laser pulses are analyzed using a microscopic electronic theory. We describe the nonequilibrium dynamics of electrons and lattice by performing molecular dynamics simulations on time-dependent potential energy surfaces. We show that…
The correlation between prepatterned catalyst film thickness and carbon nanotube (CNT) growth by selective area chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was studied using Fe and Ni as catalyst. To eliminate sample-to-sample variations and create a growth environment in which the film thickness is the sole variable, samples wit…
Natural fiber–reinforced polyester matrix composite materials are evaluated both for strength performance and cost. The flexural strength of composites fabricated with untreated chopped natural fibers is comparable only to the performance of low-strength wooden agglomerates and plywood. Nevertheless, it is shown here…
Copolymers of aniline and N-ethylaniline were prepared by chemical oxidation with ammonium peroxodisulphate in aqueous acidic medium under nitrogen atmosphere. The products have been characterized by solubility, spectroscopic method, and electrical conductivity measurement. The solubility and spectroscopic analysis su…
Hybrid composites were made using oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and glass fibres (GF) as reinforcing agents in polypropylene (PP) matrix. Three types of coupling agents were incorporated in the composites, i.e. maleic anhydride–modified polypropylene (commercial name Epolene, E-43), polymethylene (polyphenyl isocya…
M ferrites (M = Ni and Cu) were prepared for the CO 2 decomposition reaction. The mechanisms of reduction and oxidation of M ferrites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction experiments. Cu ferrite showed excellent redox properties compared to those of Ni ferrite. Cu ferrite lost its oxyg…
The Peierls stress for a [111]-screw dislocation in bcc Tantalum is calculated using an embedded atom potential. More importantly, a method is presented which allows accurate calculations of the Peierls stress in the smallest periodic cells. This method can be easily applied to ab initio calculations, where only the s…
T(3)-gauge model of defects based on the gauge Lagrangian quadratic in the gauge field strength is considered. The equilibrium equation of the medium is fulfilled by the double curl Kroner's ansatz for stresses. The problem of replication of the static edge dislocation along third axis is analysed under a special, tho…
Depending on the temperature, the C70 solid crystallizes in several structures. At high temperature (T > 340K), the ellipsoidal C70 molecule rotates freely in all directions and may be treated as a uniform thick spherical shell with inner and outer radii as the minimum and the maximum distance of C-atom from the cente…
We calculate the pyrocoefficient, static dielectric susceptibility profiles and its thickness dependence of ferroelectric thin films. Also, the temperature dependences of above quantities have been calculated. For the calculations we use Landau phenomenological theory, leading to Lame equations. These equations subjec…
PEG-diacrylamide was synthesized and utilized to make materials for tissue engineering. Acrylamide groups readily react with thiol groups, and peptides containing a single thiol group were coupled to the PEG-diacrylamide in aqueous solution at room temperature in about 2 h. If only a portion of the acrylamide groups w…
Abstract In this work a morphological description of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) incompatible blends was carried out combining scanning electron microscopy, epifluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence microspectroscopy, and using anthracene and fluorescein probes dissolved in the polymer blen…
Abstract The crystallization behavior of polyamide 66 under high pressure up to 2500 bar was investigated by the use of dilatometric and calorimetric techniques in nonisothermal and isothermal conditions. The solid–solid Brill transition is detected from the evolution of the specific volume in the PVT diagram. The var…