Materials Literature
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How can we develop a unified way of dealing with structures covering the range from diamond, naphthalene and iron to living objects? Dr Mackay suggests that ‘cellular automata’, which show aspects of reproduction, growth and evolution, may provide the answer
The hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) of as-rolled steels has been investigated. The specimens were immersed into the synthetic sea water saturated with H2S. Since the cracks initiated at the elongated MnS particles, the HIC susceptibility decreased with decreasing sulfur content. It was, however, often observed that th…
Abstract The mechanism of membrane formation by interfacial polycondensation was studied. For the time‐conversion curves the equation was derived ( x′ = reduced membrane thickness). The membrane morphology was investigated by x‐ray scattering and electron microscopy. It was found that the polymer chains are mainly ori…
The hexagonal and cubic phases of the intermetallic compound Fe 3 Ge have been investigated with the Mossbauer effect technique and magnetization measurements. In both phases the material is ferromagnetic with T c =640K and mu Fe =2.0 mu B (hexagonal), and T c =740K and mu Fe =2.2 mu B (cubic). In the hexagonal phase…
The stability fields of michenerite and merenskyite have been defined above about 450 degrees C. Michenerite forms an extensive but narrow solid-solution field by substitution between Bi and Te from Pd (sub 0.99) Bi (sub 0.79) Te (sub 1.22) to Pd (sub 0.95) Bi (sub 1.11) Te (sub 0.94) ; Pd ranges from 31.5 to 33.2 ato…
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The properties of permanent magnets based on RCo5compounds arise from their strong uniaxial anisotropy. The anisotropy field at 4.2 K in YCo5is about 200 kOe. A polarized neutron study of YCo5revealed a very large orbital contribution to the magnetic moment on the CoI(2c) site, which indicates that the major part of t…
A qualitative and quantitative investigation was undertaken to study the susceptibility of unicellular eucaryotic organisms (yeasts) to metallic cations generated by low levels of direct current. Results were characteristic of effects obtained previously using clinical and standard bacteria test organisms. The present…
A critical account has been presented of the recent investigation on the chemical modification of lignocellulosic sisal fibers. The molecular structure of the paracrystalline cellulose, which forms the major constituent of the fiber, was studied by x-ray diffraction technique. Scanning electron microscope examination…
Material and mode dispersion in fibers made from glasses in the system GeO 2 ‐B 2 O, 3 ‐SiO 2 have been calculated using refractive index dispersion results for these glasses. Refractive indices were measured on bulk glass specimens using the minimum deviation method at wavelengths from 0.4358 to 1.0830 μm. The result…
Open-circuit dark surface-potential decay characteristics have been measured in positively corona-charged films of solution-cast low-density polyethylene. For initial fields of about 5×105 V/cm, the surface potential V (t) decays linearly for a period of time, after which it is curvilinear. As a result, the time deriv…
Abstract Pit nucleation and repassivation on iron and nickel has been examined by potentiostatic transient measurements. Very short times for the nucleation of corrosion pits of some ms to some 100 ms for prepassivated specimens have been observed. Addition of picrate to the electrolyte can stop pit nucleation for wel…
A method is discussed for measuring the separate spatial distributions of fixed charge and permanent polarization in a uniform insulator. Changes in the potential difference across the insulator are measured when a known nonuniform time-dependent temperature perturbation is established through the sample thickness. Th…
The application of a magnetic field parallel to a ferromagnetic film deposited on one side of a cantilevered substrate causes a small deflection of the free end. This deflection can be measured and the magnetostriction determined since the magnetostriction is proportional to the deflection. An instrument has been devi…
This article surveys theoretical and experimental work on piezo- and pyroelectricity of polymers in the 1970's with special emphasis on the origins of these properties. The origins are classified into three types: (A) internal strain (§2), (B) strain- and temperature-dependences of spontaneous polarization (§3), and (…
If copolymerizations are carried to high conversions, the determination of copolymerization parameters involves significant computational difficulties because the exact integrated form of the copolymerization equation has to be applied. A simple method has been developed to transform experimental data, even at high co…
A statistical-mechanical theory of the elastic constants of a liquid crystal based on the Onsager expansion is reexamined, with emphasis on the terms linear in the gradients of the director. This gives a microscopic theory of the piezoelectric effect in nematic liquid crystals, and of the spontaneous twisting of a cho…
Computational models of dynamic ductile and brittle fracture are developed for wave propagation in one- and two-dimensional geometries. The model features have been taken mainly from detailed observations of samples partially fractured during impacts, but the functional forms are consistent with theoretical results wh…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlock Copolymer Theory. 4. Narrow Interphase ApproximationEugene Helfand and Z. R. WassermanCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 6, 879–888Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.o…
A new calculation following traditional methods is proposed for deducing optical constants and thickness from the fringe pattern of the transmission spectrum of a thin transparent dielectric film surrounded by non-absorbing media. The particular interest of this method, apart from its easiness, is that it makes a dire…