Materials Literature
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Abstract— The mechanism of “475°C embrittlement” of a duplex stainless steel was investigated using finite element modelling of the stress distribution at brittle fracture initiation. Brittle fracture initiated at a critical shear stress, which increased with ferrite hardness. The fracture stress was affected by the d…
Abstract The local order around the yttrium atoms in a series of samples belonging to the Y 2 O 3 −Al 2 O 3 system have been characterised by X‐ray absorption at the yttrium K‐edge. Three types of Y‐O bonds were found in the first coordination shell for samples rich in Y 2 O 3 . The garnet‐like aluminates have been el…
Abstract— The mechanism of “475°C embrittlement” in age‐hardened ferritic stainless steel, E‐Brite and A129‐4, is investigated. Experimental results for smooth tensile and notched bending fracture tests are interpreted using a finite element simulation of the stresses at fracture. Yield is characterised by profuse sli…
Raman scattering measurements and lattice dynamics calculations are reported for the cyclosilicate mineral wadeite ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}$${\mathrm{ZrSi}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{9}$. The structure of this crystal (space group P6\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} or ${\mathit{C}}_{3\mathit{h}}^{1}$) consists of planar three…
‘Reverse’ or ‘polymer ball’ polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) samples were prepared by a photopolymerization induced phase separation method. A detailed study of the effects of the sample preparation parameters, such as curing time, curing intensity, and liquid crystal concentration are reported. It was found th…
Abstract An overview of the causes and effects of porosity in rubber has been presented. The formation of porosity in rubber can be attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation and diffusion controlled bubble growth. The process proceeds simultaneously with vulcanization, so bubble formation in viscous fluids and in cro…
High-resolution silicon 2p photoemission measurements have been obtained using a recently designed state of the art high resolution monochromatized Al x-ray source with our enhanced multidetection system. The temperature dependence of the phonon broadening of the Si 2p XPS core lines has been investigated. Up to 470 K…
The interface properties of a nematic liquid crystal in contact with a solid substrate are investigated by considering the effect of a position dependent external field on a short range nematic-substrate interaction. Such a field could be due, for instance, to the van der Waals interaction between the substrate and th…
An extension is proposed for the self-validation Hamilton test [Hamilton (1965). Acta Cryst. 18, 502-510] for crystallographic refinement. The method is based on the statistical F test and evaluates the significance of the R-factor ratio between two refinement protocols. The general case of two refinements carried out…
Abstract The kinetics of cluster growth in segregation and crystallization processes in highly viscous materials taking into account stress development andstress relaxation is investigated theoretically. Different models of stressdevelopment are considered for the case that stresses arise due to the formation and grow…
Thin films of Ti and TiN interposed between the Cu layer and SiO 2 are examined as a diffusion barrier as well as an adhesion-promoting layer for Cu metallization technology. Solid-phase reactions and/or interdiffusion taking place in the Cu/Ti/ SiO 2 /Si and Cu/TiN/ SiO 2 /Si systems are examined by X-ray diffraction…
The pit generation rate (g) on stainless steel (SS) in natural seawater was analyzed according to the stochastic theory. Under the experimental conditions with statistical measurements taken using a potentiokinetic method, two processes were revealed. The first process, with the highest rate, controlled pit generation…
High-heat-flux experiments on three types of helium-cooled divertor mock-ups were performed on the 30-kW electron beam test system and its associated helium flow loop at Sandia National Laboratories. A dispersion-strengthened copper alloy (DSCu) was used in the manufacture of all the mock-ups. The first heat exchanger…
A theoretical model of the stress-strain-temperature response of a thermally driven. shape memory alloy (SMA) composite actuator under applied load is developed. The actuator is assumed to be constructed from a thin layer of SMA bonded to a layer of elastomer. The model is developed by considering an energy balance on…
The magnetic field dependence of the electric polarization and the magnetization of the ferroelectric-ferroelastic and paramagnetic crystals Tb2(MoO4)3 and Gd2(MoO4)3 have been investigated in magnetic fields up to 20 T and in the temperature range of 5 K up to room temperature. The observed dependence of the electric…
The surface of Sm 2 Fe 17 N x fine powder was stabilized by coating with zinc metal produced by the photodecomposition of diethylzinc (Zn(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ). The remanence ( B r ) and coercivity ( H cj ) values of the resulting Zn/Sm 2 Fe 17 N x powder were changed little by zinc coating, and remained at high levels even a…
Abstract The electrochemical polymerization of some Schiff's base‐type monomers like pyrrole‐2‐aldehyde azine, N,N′‐di(2‐pyrrolylmethylene)‐1,4‐diaminobenzene Systematic name: 2,2′‐[1,4‐phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]dipyrrole. , and N,N′‐di(2‐pyrrolylmethylene)‐4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl Systematic name: 2,2′‐[4,4′‐biphe…
Reviews of relevant literature and interviews with individuals cognizant of the state of the art in ceramic filters for hot-gas cleaning were conducted. Thermodynamic calculations of the stability of various ceramic phases were also made. Based on these calculations, reviews, and interviews, conclusions were reached r…
Abstract Novel 1,1-difunctionalized disiloxanes are synthesized by the alkylative cleavage of cyclic siloxane using several alkyllithiums followed by quenching with chlorosilanes. The prepared difunctionalized siloxanes are subjected to polyaddition through platinum catalyzed hydrosilylation.
Coupons of stainless steel type AISI-304 were exposed to the industrial cooling system of a petrochemical plant fed by seawater from the Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in order to study the in situ formation of biofilms. Bacteria, microalgae and fungi were detected on the coupons as soon as 48 h after exposure…