Materials Literature
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Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a promising alternative to solar cells due to their many advantages. To improve device performance, it is necessary to develop PSCs with good interfacial engineering and film crystallinity, which are two critical aspects of high‐performance PSCs. However, both aspects are…
The pyrolysis of used tires, UT, and natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), NR obtained from Nigerian NIG800 clonal rubber tree, was performed and the effects of process conditions on product yield were investigated. An optimum yield was attained at operating temperature of 600°C, a heating rate of 15°C min−1, for a fee…
Currently, the most efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) mainly use planar and mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as an electron-transport layer (ETL). However, because of its intrinsic photocatalytic properties, TiO 2 can decompose perovskite absorber and lead to poor stability under solar illumination (ultravio…
Microgels composed of thermoresponsive polymer poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are interfacial active. Their adsorption leads to deformation, causing conformational changes that have profound effects on the macroscopic properties of these films. Yet, methods to quantitatively probe the local density are lacking…
Abstract The durability of high‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) was studied with phosphoric acid doped membranes of polybenzimidazole (PBI). One of the challenges for this technology is the loss and instability of phosphoric acid resulting in performance degradation after long‐term oper…
Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as selectivity regulators for catalytic reactions have attracted much attention, especially MOFs and metal nanoparticle (NP) shelled structures, e.g., MOFs@NPs@MOFs. Nevertheless, making hydrophilic MOF shells for gathering hydrophobic reactants is challenging. Described here i…
The Rayleigh-Plesset (RP) equation was derived from the first principles to describe the bubble cavitation in liquids in terms of macroscopic hydrodynamics. A number of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics studies have been carried out to validate this equation in describing the bubble inertial cavitation, but their resu…
Advances in the magnetic sensing technology have been driven by the increasing demand for the capability of measuring ultrasensitive magnetic fields. Among other emerging applications, the detection of magnetic fields in the picotesla range is crucial for biomedical applications. In this work Picosense reports a milli…
Cationic polymerizations have long been industrialized; however, stimulus-regulated cationic polymerization remains to be developed. An electrochemically controlled living cationic polymerization is presented for the first time. In the presence of external potential and organic-based electrocatalyst, a series of monom…
In conventional contingency analysis (CA), the overloading of transmission lines is identified by the violation of current or power flow rather than the temperature rise. Thus, the transient thermal behavior of transmission lines is usually neglected, which may cause underestimation of power transfer capability and le…
Elevated radioactivity levels of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in building materials were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry and their associated lifetime cancer risks were also determined. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are 45.72 ± 0.55, 65.90 ± 8.89, and 487.32 ± 15.20 Bq kg−1, respectively. St…
Naphthalene diimide (NDI) and perylene diimide (PDI) based polymeric semiconductors with high mobility have shown great promise as electron transport materials (ETMs) in applications such as high-performance polymer solar cells (PSCs) and other optoelectronic devices. However, these NDI and PDI semiconductors usually…
Low stability of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite and toxicity of lead (Pb) still remain a concern. Therefore, there is a constant quest for alternative nontoxic and stable light-absorbing materials with promising optoelectronic properties. Herein, we report about nontoxic bismuth triiodide (BiI 3 ) photovolta…
The wrinkling and interfacial adhesion mechanics of a gallium-oxide nanofilm encapsulating a liquid-gallium droplet are presented. The native oxide nanofilm provides mechanical stability by preventing the flow of the liquid metal. We show how a crumpled oxide skin a few nanometers thick behaves akin to a highly bendab…
Interaction between water and oxide surfaces plays an important role in many applications. In the present study, we use a density functional theory + U method to study the initial adsorption behavior of water on various α-Fe2O3 (0001) terminations. In particular, adsorption and dissociation of water at 1 monolayer and…
Considerable research effort has been invested into the transplantation of mammalian photoreceptors into healthy and degenerating mouse eyes. Several platforms of rod and cone fluorescent reporting have been central to refining the isolation, purification and transplantation of photoreceptors. The tracking of engrafte…
A dual-bandstop frequency selective surface (FSS) is designed by unit cells composed of square metallic loops enclosing novel curves generated by a superformula for miniaturization and incident angle stability. The shape of the inner corolla with a constant area may change by the variations of the parameters of the su…
Because of the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), binary ruthenium–tin oxides synthesized by a hydrothermal method with postannealing at 450 °C for 2 h are first proposed as bifunctional catalysts for these two reactions on the air electrode of rechargeable zi…
Abstract Sodium (23Na) MRI proffers the possibility of novel information for neurological research but also particular challenges. Uncertainty can arise in in vivo23Na estimates from signal losses given the rapidity of T2* decay due to biexponential relaxation with both short (T2*short) and long (T2*long) components.…
PVC is a common food contact material that is usually plasticised to increase its flexibility. Phthalates are one class of chemical compounds that are often used as plasticisers in PVC in a wide range of industries. They may be used in packaging materials for foods and can also be found in components of certain food p…