Materials Literature
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Abstract We investigated several steels containing up to 5% chromium (Cr) with respect to their carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion resistance in oil and gas environments. Steels containing 3% or more Cr showed improved corrosion performance compared to Cr free steels in a wet CO2 environment. This phenomenon was made clea…
Abstract This paper presents an overview of the continuing critical problem of corrosion under thermal insulation and also corrosion under fireproofing. Fireproofing (or fire resistant coatings) are applied to thermally protect structural steel and vessels in the event of a fire. Specifically the fire protective mater…
Abstract The corrosion behavior of super 13Cr stainless steels in completion fluids was investigated using well components(tubing, blast joint, sliding sleeve device and packer mandrel) retrieved from Resak A-6 well in Malaysia. The environment that caused the cracking in the Resak A-6 well was CaCl2 brine (completion…
Abstract This work is a comprehensive study of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of carbon steel in soil environments, induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Four experimental phases were involved in this research: (1) field study, (2) anaerobic corrosion study, (3) localized corrosion study, (4) mathe…
Abstract Chemical additives play an important role in oil production. Chemicals are used to enhance oil production, control corrosion, prevent wax or paraffin deposition, enhance the flow characteristics of the crude oils, aid in water separation, etc. However, oil field chemicals are often suspected of causing divers…
Processing conditions were designed to produce alloys 718 (UNS N07718), 725 / 725HS (UNS N07725), and 925 (UNS N09925) with essentially clean grain boundaries, partial coverage of grain boundaries by the precipitates, and full coverage of grain boundaries by the precipitates. Grain boundary precipitates were found to…
Abstract Wet gas corrosion rates of C1018 and X65 steel have been measured at the top and bottom of a high pressure, 10 cm diameter horizontal pipeline under stratified flow conditions with different chloride (Cl-) concentrations. Experiments were performed for 200 hours at 90°C, CO2 partial pressure of 3.8 bar using…
Abstract The development and production of low carbon Cr-containing steels with superior resistance to CO2 corrosion for downhole production applications is presented in this paper. It covers the outcome of an extensive and systematic development programme focusing on metallurgical conditioning and micro-alloying addi…
Large values of Born effective charges are generally considered as reliable indicators of the genuine tendency of an insulator towards ferroelectric instability. However, these quantities can be very much influenced by strong electron correlation and metallic behavior, which are not exclusive properties of ferroelectr…
'Colossal magnetoresistance' in perovskite manganites such as La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO), is caused by the interplay of ferro-paramagnetic, metal-insulator and structural phase transitions. Moreover, different electronic phases can coexist on a very fine scale resulting in percolative electron transport. Here we report on…
The reason for the low time-step accuracy of the previously developed approximate backward-difference solution of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation was found, and improved methods were developed. The improvement was carried out in two steps: correction of the expansion coefficients for the first-order backwar…
Effects of Ni-substitution in Mn–Zn ferrites on power losses and electromagnetic properties have been studied. When NiO was substituted for MnO in the range from 0 to 8 mol%, lattice constants decreased gradually due to the smaller ionic radius of Ni ions. NiO substitution lowered the initial permeability and increase…
Possibility of upscaling for single bubble sonoluminescence by reducing the driving frequency was tested experimentally. The maximum bubble radius and the expansion ratio obtained from an air bubble at a driving frequency of 12.926 kHz and driving amplitude of 1.33 atm at a water temperature of 23.5°C are considerably…
133 Cs ( I =7/2) nuclear magnetic resonance in a Cs 2 CoCl 4 single crystal grown by using the slow evaporation method was measured in the two mutually perpendicular crystal planes. The 133 Cs resonances of two different groups, respectively, with two crystallographically inequivalent cesium nuclei, Cs(I) and Cs(II) i…
A protein crystallographer typically spends a large proportion of time manipulating Protein Data Bank (PDB) formatted coordinate files. Of the many situations where such coordinate data must be altered for a particular purpose, a combination of a simple text editor and a number of programs is required. pdb-mode for EM…
The microscopic magnetic properties of superconducting (T<sub>c</sub> ≅ 6 K) λ-(BETS)<sub>2</sub>GaCl<sub>4</sub> (BETS = bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene) have been investigated by <sup>77</sup>Se NMR in the normal state between 7.1 and 100 K on randomly oriented single crystals with κ-(BETS)<sub>2</sub>GaCl<s…
The defect fluorite Zr 4 O 5 N 2 is presented. A simple layered intergrowth of the important bixbyite and fluorite structure types, it displays an A 4 X 7 vacancy ordering alternative to that in the pyrochlore and other structures. This ordering is stabilized by proximity of the highly charged N 3 - anions to the bixb…
A method to remove the effects of instrumental aberrations from the whole powder diffraction pattern measured with a high-resolution synchrotron powder diffractometer is presented. Two types of asymmetry in the peak profiles caused by (i) the axial-divergence aberration of the diffractometer (diffractometer aberration…
To expand our knowledge of Fe 2+ x V 1- x Z (Z = Al, Ga), band calculations (LMTO-ASA) have been performed for several x values ( x =0, ±0.125, ±0.25) with a supercell method. Obtained density of states and magnetic moments indicate that excess atoms, which are introduced instead of the original Fe or V atom in Fe 2 V…
We have performed neutron powder diffraction measurements for La 1- x Sr x MnO 3 ( x =0.00–0.20) at room temperature. We have found that the crystal structure is orthorhombic ( Pbnm , Z =4; O) at x ≤0.14 and rhombohedral ( R \bar3 c , Z =2; R) at x ≥0.18, respectively. At this structural phase transition, the averaged…