Materials Literature
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Polymeric carboxylic acids such as poly(acrylic acid) and copoly(acrylic—maleic acid)s are widely used as cobuilders in detergent powder formulations. They were introduced in the early 1980s in combination with zeolites as partial replacements for polyphosphates, which were removed from detergent formulations because…
Electromigration-induced void growth in Al metallization was investigated by comparing it with the electrical resistance change and the thermographically measured change in temperature distribution. Constant current flowing through two different-width interconnects in series consistently induced void growth at their j…
Poly(vinylamine) is of interest because of its pH-dependent cationic nature and its reactive primary amine functionality. The preparation of poly(vinylamines) of various molecular weights via the synthesis and hydrolysis of poly(N-ethenylformamide) (PNEF) is readily accomplished. Solution properties of poly(vinylamine…
Magnetic properties of amorphous carbon materials, prepared by pyrolysis of trialkylboranes, were examined using the superconducting quantum interference device and the electron spin resonance (ESR) methods. It is found that the observed magnetic properties could be greatly affected by pyrolysis temperature and the an…
The reaction of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes and 2-methylene-1,3-oxazolidines with benzoyl peroxide (acceptor radical) and with N-ethylmaleimide (acceptor) was investigated. It was shown that benzoyl peroxide adds to monomers 1a and 1b, giving the corresponding linear diester amides 1a and 1b respectively. The oxazolidi…
The transport of fluids in the semicrystalline polymer, poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK), was investigated. Both solubility and rate of penetration of toluene into PEEK are markedly increased by the application of an external stress. The induction period (i.e., the time for the sorption to begin) is a function of…
Colloidal suspensions of InP quantum dots (diameters 25 and 35 Å) show steplike absorption spectra which are blue-shifted by about 1 eV with respect to bulk material. Time resolved femtosecond spectroscopy at room temperature identifies the first quantum confined state. The nonlinear bleaching signal rises within 300…
We investigate the properties of II–VI short period superlattice (SPSL) blue light-emitting diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The device consists of a ZnSe active layer, SPSL MgZnSSe cladding layers, and a ZnSeTe digital graded contact. The SPSL structure is made of alternating layers of MgSe, ZnSe, ZnS, and ZnS…
We present results of a solution to longitudinal impact of thick bars, obtained via an exact three-dimensional theory. Detailed investigation of the behavior of the solution has been carried out, including a number of subsidiary calculations. The results obtained made it possible to improve on the knowledge of the phy…
The influence of thermal fluctuations on adsorption isotherms is calculated within the context of a self-consistent mean-field theory, and it is found that such fluctuations cannot be neglected in the analysis of adsorption data. This result arises from our observation that substrate-induced hindrance of thermal fluct…
A mean-field description is presented for the nematic and hexagonal ordering of intrinsically polydisperse semiflexible wormlike micelles interacting via a hard core volume exclusion potential. The predicted phase diagram is determined by two parameters, controlling the intrinsic rigidity of the micelles and their siz…
In this study, nonswellable and swellable poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate/acrylic acid) copolymer microspheres, in the size range of 50–150 μm, were produced by conventional and modified suspension copolymerizations of the respective monomers, i.e., ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and acrylic acid (AA) in aq…
Atomistic calculations are performed to study defect energetics in ZnGeP2 where two- and three-body interatomic potentials are used to simulate the perfect lattice. Formation energies for native ionic defects and binding energies for some of the electronic defect complexes are calculated. The dominance of antisite def…
Tensile tests with loading and unloading under various strain rates ε^^· were performed for TiNi shape memory alloy wires at various constant temperatures. The influence of strain rate on the stress-strain-temperature relationship was investigated. The main results are summarized as follows. ( 1 ) For ε^^· < 10%/min,…
Experimental Barkhausen data are presented for XC10 French steel at various stress levels. The experimental data show an apparent almost linear correlation with stress of WH (hysteresis loss) and WBN (Barkhausen noise amplitude integrated over H). A model previously suggested by Sablik for Barkhausen noise stress and…
1,3-Diaminoadamantane (I) was used as a monomer with various aromatic dicarboxylic acyl chlorides and dianhydrides to synthesize polyamides and polyimides, respectively. Polyamides having inherent viscosities of 0.10–0.27 dL/g were prepared by low-temperature solution polycondensation. The polyamides were soluble in a…
Measurements of effective magnetic anisotropy energy of epitaxial Cu/Ni/Cu(001) sandwiches are analyzed as a function of Ni film thickness $h$. The magnetization easy axis is perpendicular to the films for $20<h<140$ \AA{}. The magnetic anisotropy is best described by inclusion in the effective anisotropy energy…
Crystallization is induced in amorphous 80 nm films of Ge48Te52 by electron irradiation to produce structures with characteristic dimensions as small as of 10–100 nm. The experiments are performed in a 200 keV field-emission scanning transmission electron microscope (TEM/STEM) that provides an electron probe about 1–2…
A general theory is developed for determining the most efficient magnetic structure that generates a specified magnetic field. The structure is assumed to be composed of linear, isotropic magnetized material, occupying a given geometrical region. The efficiency is quantified by a figure of merit defined as the externa…
A model system of linear ethylene glycol terminated poly(ethylene terephthalate) oligomers of the general formula H–[GT]n–G (where G is an ethylene glycol unit and T represents a terephthalic acid unit) was synthesized and exposed to an oxygen plasma. The degradation of the oligomers was investigated by matrix-assiste…