Materials Literature
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Magnetic domain structure in manganites was investigated by Lorentz electron microscopy, in order to understand some unusual physical properties, such as a colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect and a metal-to-insulator (MI) transition. In particular, we examined the spatial distribution of the charge/orbital ordered…
A Monte Carlo simulation of ion-induced kinetic electron emission (KE) was carried out to study the material contrast in scanning ion microscope (SIM) images, i.e. secondary electron (SE) yields decreasing with atomic number Z2 of the target, which is opposite to that for scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The…
A systematic investigation was carried out on the Fe–Co–N thin films with varying Permalloy underlayer thicknesses (in short Py\Fe–Co–N films), which show significantly improved magnetic softness when a very thin Permalloy underlayer is applied. The easy axis coercivities of the Py\Fe–Co–N films drop from 1.3 kA/m (16…
The effects of Mn substitution on the magnetic properties of Er2Fe17−xMnx compounds have been investigated by different experimental techniques. An unusual composition dependence of the unit cell volume at room temperature occurs due to a strong magnetovolume effect, which has been confirmed by high temperature linear…
Recent developments in scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes are reviewed. A broad range of topics focused on the unique electronic properties of nanotubes are discussed, including (a) the underlying theoretical description of the electronic properties of…
This article discusses tunable dielectric thin films, with particularly emphasis on strain-relieved and defect-reduced tunable dielectric thin films that significantly reduce dielectric loss at microwave frequencies. Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films (∼0.3 μm thick) were deposited onto (100) MgO single crystalline subst…
The site engineering approach based on site-selective substitutions was utilized to improve the ferroelectric properties in Bi4Ti3O12 thin film. Thin films of (Bi4−xNdx)(Ti3−yVy)O12 with both A- and B-sites substitutions were deposited on (111)Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates at 600 °C by metalorganic chemical vapor depositio…
Crystalline nanometer-sized Cu 2 O and CuO particle formation was studied by vapor thermal decomposition of copper (II) acetylacetonate in a vertical laminar flow reactor at ambient pressure. Experiments were carried out at 3 furnace temperature profiles (maximum values of t furn = 432, 596, 705°C) and with 2 carrier…
Low-temperature dielectric and pyroelectric properties were investigated for filled and unfilled tungsten bronze (TB) crystals, i.e., (Sr0.61Ba0.39)5Nb10O30, (K0.5Na0.5)1.0(Sr0.75Ba0.25)4.5Nb10O30, K5.80Li3.82Nb10.12O30, and K5.20Li2.34Nb10.88O30 with the spontaneous polarizations along the c axis at room temperature…
All organisms examined to date, respond to a sudden change in environmental temperature with a specific cascade of adaptation reactions that, in some cases, have been identified and monitored at the molecular level. According to the type of temperature change, this response has been termed heat shock response (HSR) or…
The dielectric spectrum of the organic glass former 1,1′-bis (p-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexane was measured over a range of temperatures and pressures, corresponding to a variation of the structural relaxation time, τα, by 8 decades. The temperature dependence of τα corresponded to a fragility equal to 72, which is consis…
A laboratory-scale electrochemical (EC) disinfector was used for the disinfection of various wastewater effluents, including saline primary effluent, saline secondary effluent, and freshwater secondary effluent. Such EC disinfection was highly effective for saline effluent with a salinity content of around 8‰. A killi…
( Zn 1−y Mg y ) 1−x Al x O powders were synthesized by the polymerized complex method and then consolidated by spark plasma sintering apparatus. The microscopic structure and thermoelectric properties were examined comparing with the experimental results of the samples prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction…
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy, heat capacity spectroscopy (3ω method), and viscosimetry have been used to study the dynamic glass transition of two glass-forming epoxy resins, poly [(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A. In spite of their rather simple molecular structure, th…
This chapter discusses recent progress in the investigation and use of (13)C, (15)N, and (19)F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts and chemical shift tensors in proteins and model systems primarily using quantum chemical (ab initio Hartree-Fock and density functional theory) techniques. Correlations betwe…
The operation of a Peltier cooler can be temporarily enhanced by utilizing the transient response of a current pulse. The performance of such a device, using (Bi,Sb)2Te3-based thermoelectric elements, was examined from −70 to 55 °C. We establish both theoretically and experimentally the essential parameters that descr…
High efficiency thermoelectric conversion is achieved by using materials with a maximum figure of merit Z=S2σ/k, where S is the Seebeck coefficient, σ and k, the electrical and thermal conductivities, respectively. High quality homogeneous thermoelectric materials, based on PbTe crystals, usually display an elevated v…
▪ Abstract Multiferroic magnetoelectrics are materials that are both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric in the same phase. As a result, they have a spontaneous magnetization that can be switched by an applied magnetic field and a spontaneous polarization that can be switched by an applied electric field. In this paper we…
La 0.67 Ca 0.33 Mn 1−x Cu x O 3 (x=0 and 0.15) epitaxial thin films were grown on the (100) LaAlO3 substrates, and the temperature dependence of their resistivity was measured in magnetic fields up to 12 T by a four-probe technique. We found that the competition between the ferromagnetic metallic (FM) and paramagnetic…
Density functional theory has been used to study the interaction of molecular and atomic hydrogen with (5,5) and (6,6) single-wall carbon nanotubes. Static calculations allowing for different degrees of structural relaxation are performed, in addition to dynamical simulations. Molecular physisorption inside and outsid…