Materials Literature
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A frequency independent or nearly frequency independent contribution to the dielectric loss is present in all ionic conductors independent of the chemical and physical structures. An exhaustive collection of dielectric relaxation data of glassy, crystalline, and molten ionic conductors are analyzed to obtain the magni…
Abstract This is the first comprehensive study on the optimization of seed distribution in a crystallization process. For a batch crystallizer, a dynamic programming formulation optimizes a property of the product crystals over the supersaturation profile and the seed characteristics, namely the mean size of the seed…
The new photochromic supramolecular system 1 is based on the E→Z isomerization of an azobenzene substituted with cyclic peptides with alternating D- and L-α-amino acids. This system allows reversible switching between inter- and intramolecularly assembled cylindrical β-sheet structures in solution as well as in thin f…
A series of chitosan–gelatin complexes was prepared by varying the ratio of constituents. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the amount of the different states of water. The interaction between chitosan and gelatin was checked by IR and X-ray analysis and was related to mechanical strength. The re…
The results of relaxor ferroelectric PMNT single crystals grown by a modified Bridgman method with the size more than φ25×40 mm are reported in this paper. The crystal habit and growth mechanism of PMNT has been investigated to optimize the growth conditions. The reason that the PMNT crystals will grow along [111] dir…
Femtosecond thermoreflectance data for thin films and bulk quantities of Au, Cr, and Al are compared with the parabolic two-step thermal diffusion model for the purpose of determining the electron-phonon coupling factor. The thin films were evaporated and sputtered onto different substrates to produce films that vary…
High-resolution powder diffraction data have been recorded on cubic ZrW(2)O(8) [a = 9.18000 (3) Å at 2 K] at 260 temperatures from 2 to 520 K in 2 K steps. These data have confirmed that alpha-ZrW(2)O(8) has a negative coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha = -9.07 x 10(-6) K(-1) (2-350 K). A 'parametric' approach to…
We have set forth a design strategy for creating biomimetic materials that direct the formation of tissue surrounding implants or regeneration within porous scaffolds. Our studies have established that heterogeneous mimetic peptide surfaces (MPS) containing both the -RGD- (cell-binding) and-FHRRIKA- (putative heparin-…
Dielectric spectroscopy covering more than 18 decades of frequency has been performed on propylene carbonate in its liquid and supercooled-liquid state. Using quasioptic submillimeter and far-infrared spectroscopy, the dielectric response was investigated up to frequencies well into the microscopic regime. We discuss…
A self-destroying, biodegradable, and polycationic polyester, poly( trans -4-hydroxy- l -proline ester) (PHP ester), was synthesized, and the interaction of the polymer with polyanion DNA was investigated. Degradation of the polymer in aqueous solution was investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ti…
We have developed a new combinatorial synthesis system integrating a combinatorial shadow mask into a laser MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) chamber. This combinatorial Laser MBE system can be used for fabricating a number of crystalline films with different compositions on a substrate under programmed temperature and pre…
The effects of texture and grain structure on the electromigration lifetime of Cu interconnects are reported. Using different seed layers, [111]- and [200]-textured CVD Cu films with similar grain size distributions are obtained. The electromigration lifetime of [111] CVD Cu is about four times longer than that of [20…
Nanoparticles deposited at the air-water interface are observed to form circular domains at low density and stripes at higher density. We interpret these patterns as equilibrium phenomena produced by a competition between an attraction and a longer-ranged repulsion. Computer simulations of a generic pair potential wit…
A conceptually unique approach was developed to study the interparticle interactions between organized alkanethiol-capped silver nanocrystals. Dense nanocrystal fluids were formed by evaporating the solvent from a ``size-polydisperse'' $(\ensuremath{\sigma}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12%)$ nanocrystal dispersion on a…
To test the hypothesis that silicification occurs under acid conditions in the silicon deposition vesicle (SDV), the acidity of the SDV of the pennate diatoms Navicula pelliculosa (Brébisson et Kützing) Hilse, N. salinarum (Grunow) Hustedt, and Nitzschia sigma (Kützing) Smith was determined during development of new f…
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a fibrin glue polymer to produce injectable tissue-engineered cartilage and to determine the optimal fibrinogen and chondrocyte concentrations required to produce solid, homogeneous cartilage. The most favorable fibrinogen concentration was determin…
The diffusion of oxygen in ultrafine grained, undoped monoclinic ZrO2 was studied using O18 as tracer and secondary ion mass spectroscopy profiling. Samples with a relative mass density of 97%–99% and average crystallite sizes of 80 or 300 nm were prepared from Zr by sputtering, inert-gas-condensation, oxidation, in s…
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Mesoscopically ordered, transparent silica−surfactant monoliths have been prepared using amphiphilic triblock poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) copolymer species to organize polymerizing silica networks. The block copolymer acts as a structure-directing agent, as the aqueous…