XAFS and XSW study of the distribution of Pb(II) sorbed to biofilms on α-Al2O3 and α-FeOOH surfaces
Biofilms form ubiquitous organic coatings on mineral surfaces in soil and aquatic environments.
Materials Literature
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Twist-grain-boundary phase diagrams in chiral liquid crystals
The experimental phase diagrams of several chiral systems are compared with a theoretical diagram based on the chiral Chen-Lubensky model, which predicts at least two kinds of twist-grain-boundary phase, TGBA and TGBC. Also shown for comparison are typical nonchiral phase diagrams that exhibit a nematic-smectic A-smec…
Model of spinodal decomposition of phases under hyperbolic diffusion
A model is proposed for the kinetics of spinodal decomposition at high diffusion rates described by a hyperbolic equation. The formation of new phases is described using a zero-radius nonlinear potential model. It is shown that a regular distribution in space of the phases during spinodal decomposition is initiated by…
Photoluminescence of Si3N4 films implanted with Ge+ and Ar+ ions
The room-temperature photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra of Si 3 N 4 films implanted with Ge + and Ar + ions were investigated as a function of the ion dose and temperature of subsequent annealing. It was established that the implantation of bond-forming Ge atoms during annealing right up to temperature…
Kronig-Penney-Ising picture of colossal magnetoresistance
From general arguments, it is shown that a magnetic Kronig-Penney model based on the thermodynamics of an Ising model can be used for describing the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) phenomenon. The model considers a tunnelinglike transmission process of hopping electrons through a dynamic lattice characterized by evol…
Studies on the synthesis and characterization of carboxymethylcellulose
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was prepared in a completely heterogeneous procedure in an isopropanol/water slurry and the influence of the reaction conditions on the pattern of functionalization within the anhydroglucose repeating unit as well as due to the formation of the four main repeating units (i. e. unfunctional…
Embrittlement Characteristics of Fracture Toughness in Ductile Iron by Contact With Water
Several ductile Iron samples with various kinds of matrix were subjected to fracture toughness testing in a condition that specimens were in contact with water at the time of testing.A considerable reduction in fracture toughness caused by contact with water was found in the case of the samples with an austempered mat…
An Approach to Chemorheology of a Filled SBR Compound
Abstract Three steps in complex chemorheological studies are necessary for complete rheological characterization of filled rubbers during cross-linking reaction. They include: (i) kinetic studies of cross-linking reaction, (ii) rheological studies of green rubber compounds, and (iii) correlation between the rheologica…
Gradient Elasticity Theory for a Mode III Crack in a Functionally Graded Material
Anisotropic strain gradient elasticity theory is applied to the solution of a mode III crack in a functionally graded material (FGM). The theory includes both volumetric and surface energy terms, and a particular form of the moduli variation. The crack boundary value problem is solved by means of Fourier transform and…
Nonlinear optical properties of the rhombic B4-cluster
symmetry are calculated by restricted (RHF) and unrestricted (UHF) Hartree-Fock theory; Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MPn); coupled-cluster theory with singles, doubles, and a perturbational treatment for connected triples [CCSD(T)]; Brueckner doubles with a perturbational treatment for connected triples [BD(T)]…
Thickness determination of ultra‐thin films using backscattered electron spectra of a new toroidal electrostatic spectrometer
Abstract Backscattered electron spectroscopy offers detailed information for multilayer and subsurface‐layer materials with distinct Z contrast: It can be used for the validation of Monte Carlo calculations, to obtain depth selective electron microtomographic images, and to determine the thickness of ultra thin films…
The Value of Teaching X-ray Techniques and Clay Mineralogy to Undergraduates
Topical courses devoted to specific techniques or subjects, such as x-ray techniques or clay mineralogy, are often difficult to fit into an undergraduate geology curriculum. These courses, if designed appropriately, can introduce students to research techniques and can provide them with a way to apply the principles t…
Carbon Nanostructures Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon atoms condense to many useful nanostructures under suitable environmental conditions in presence of some specific catalysts. Fullerene molecules and carbon nanotubes are zero and one dimensional shells made out of monatomic layer thin graphene sheet. Due to curvature involved in otherwise graphite lattices, mix…
Fast Preisach based magnetostriction model for highly magnetostrictive materials
A Preisach based magnetization model is presented to work specifically on highly magnetostrictive materials. The model accounts for the additional anisotropy introduced when a prestress is used to activate the high strain, by using a bimodal structure. The necessity of strain feedback to deal with the magneto-mechanic…
Small-angle scattering by dislocations
It is shown that the small-angle scattering of X-rays or neutrons by dislocations within a deformed metal, which are partially ordered into wall-like structures, is characterized by several factors. Principally these are associated with: (i) a single dislocation or dipole; (ii) the dislocation configuration in the pla…
Solid‐State Cells with Buffer Electrodes for the Measurement of Thermodynamic Properties of IrO2, CaIrO3, Ca2IrO4, and Ca4IrO6
The standard Gibbs energies of formation of IrO 2 , CaIrO 3 , Ca 2 IrO 4 and Ca 4 IrO 6 have been measured in the temperature range 940–1350 K using solid‐state cells with ( Y 2 O 3 ) ZrO 2 as the electrolyte and pure oxygen gas at a pressure of 0.1 MPa as the reference electrode. For the design of appropriate working…
Theoretical analysis of the electrical and magnetic field distributions in a toroidal core with circular cross section
With the rapid development of high-frequency magnetic components, it is important to know the distributions of the electrical and magnetic fields in the ferrimagnetic cores. In this paper, an improved model for analyzing the distributions of electrical and magnetic fields in a toroidal core is given. It supplies the b…
The smectic A-smectic C* phase transition in submicron confined geometry
The influence of confined geometry on the smectic A-smectic C* phase transition in the ferroelectric liquid crystal CE8 has been analysed. Using an electro-optic response technique, the temperature dependence of elementary excitations in thin, homogeneously aligned, wedgetype cells of thickness from 0.25 to 4mum has b…
Nanocomposite of semiconducting ferroelectric antimony sulphoiodide dots-doped glasses
Antimony sulphoiodide (SbSI) is a semiconducting ferroelectric crystal. The SbSI possesses attractive properties, such as high pizoelectric constant, very high dielectric permittivity, and high electro-optic coefficient, but it is very difficult to grow a single crystal with bigger size. Currently, a method for synthe…
Effect of Soaking in Solvents on Molecular Orientation of Rubbed Polyimide Film
We used reflection ellipsometry and infrared absorption spectroscopy to investigate the effect of soaking rubbed polyimide films in solvents. This enabled us to clarify the influence of washing on polyimide films after rubbing, in the fabrication process of liquid crystal display devices. It was found that soaking in…