Materials Literature
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Summary The influence of acetone, as a solvent on crystalline structure of the cellulose, was investigated. Crystalline changes brought about by the solvent treatment on the residual cellulose have been foundto be noticable. The crystallinity index of solvent treated celluloses has shown a trend of a small gradual inc…
A method is described for generating and displaying woven-fabric structures in three dimensions by computer graphics. The thread paths displayed are generated by using cubic B-splines, the mathematics of which is well developed, mainly for other areas of engineering design, especially in aerospace engineering. Some re…
The placement of simple saccharides within the micropores of the cell wall of never-dried pulp fibers to create a cellulose substitute is proposed as a means of reducing the fiber content, and hence the cost, of paper. The nature of the interaction between entombed monosaccharides, disaccharides, disaccharides, and tr…
Dramatic effects of chitin and chitosan on wound healing were demonstrated in field cases of many small animals (dogs and cats), food animals (338 cows) and 142 zoo animals. In comparison with conventional therapy with irrigation and antibiotic administration to wound, new treatment with chitin and chitosan permitted…
An accurate measure of the maturity of a sample of cotton is essential for assessing the quality of the fiber. Work has begun to produce large quantities of diverse cottons with well-defined values of fineness and maturity. The reference method for measuring fiber maturity based microscopic image analysis of thin sect…
Glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase from Acidaminococcus fermentans (clostridal cluster IX), a strict anaerobic inhabitant of animal intestines, uses the free energy of decarboxylation (delta G(o) approximately -30 kJ mol-1) in order to translocate Na+ from the inside through the cytoplasmic membrane. The proton, which is re…
Sulfide species, HS-, S2- and H2S, are often the most common and important poisons that arise in practical situations of embrittlement of ferruginous metals by sorbed H. The absorption and permeation of H can be either enhanced or inhibited under conditions of cathodic polarization in the presence of HS-. The effect o…
Product studies on the oxidation of two 1-arylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate dyes by peroxy acids and by tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalysed by iron(III) 5,10,15,20-tetra(2,6-dichloro-2-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin in solution have been carried out. In single turnover experiments at pH 11.88, 9.30 and 6.93, dye blea…
In this work we consider the interaction of a laser-generated cavitation bubble with a solid boundary for the case of a cavity created very close to the wall. Using a combination of a thin-film transducer placed on the surface of the boundary and schlieren photography techniques we observe the induced pressure stresse…
It is important to obtain information about the collagen fiber orientation in biological fibrous tissues such as human and animal skins because the collagen fiber orientation in the skins may closely relate to the motional functions of the body. However, no reports are yet available on the distribution of collagen fib…
Formation of an ordered hexagonal mesoporous structure of siliceous materials in a homogeneous environment using Na2SiO3 as a silica source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a structure directing agent has been studied by means of a time-resolved insitu X-ray diffraction technique. In this synthesis route the prec…
The oxidation of pyridines using a combined oxidant of hydrogen peroxide and benzonitrile catalysed by a basic hydrotalcite, Mg10Al2(OH)24CO3, gave high yields of the corresponding pyridine N-oxides. This solid hydrotalcite catalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture and could be reused with retention of i…
The solubility products of the calcium salts of two polyhydroxy ligands (PHL), isosaccharinate (ISA) and gluconate (GLUC), were measured. Solubility products of log <em>K</em><sub>s,o</sub> = –6.22 ± 0.03 at <em>I </em>= 0 and <em>T</em> = 20 ± 1°C for Ca(α-ISA)<sub>2</sub>, and log <em>K</em><sub>s,o</sub> = –3.54 ±…
Stable functional complementary clusters, i.e. of the electrophilic and nucleophilic type, can be ‘added’ resulting in the planned formation of the related reaction products: the high-yield synthesis of the crystalline compounds [Me2NH2]10- [{(SiW11O39)Mo3S4(H2O)3(µ-OH)}2]·20H2O 1 and [Me2NH2]14[{(P2W17O61)Mo3S4(H2O)3…
A novel method of preparing CdS nanoparticle-modified electrodes is described and a relationship between CdS particle size and the photoelectrochemical properties of such electrodes demonstrated.
The sequential addition of 4-cyanobiphenyl moieties to a silyl core unit results in a modification of the molecular shape of the molecules from rod-like to cross-shaped. The variation of molecular size and shape determines the nature (interdigitated SmAd or monolayer SmAl) and the stability range of the liquid-crystal…
A polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based polymer electrolyte containing lithium perchlorate, propylene carbonate, and cascade nitrile ( ED 4 CN ) was prepared, and its conductivity was measured at various temperatures. The conductivity of the polymer electrolyte, ( PAN ) 20 [ LiClO 4 ] 10 ( ED 4 CN ) 2 ( PC ) 23.6 , was 1.05 ×…
The application of the energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXD) technique to in situ structural measurements on battery materials is shown for the first time. EDXD may present a promising alternative for this kind of measurement to the traditional diffractometric technique, even when the synchrotron radiation is use…
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry measurements using Cu+-doped fused quartz are reported. The dose response to 60Co ? rays is measured over the range of doses from 2.6 x 10-6 to 5.2 x 10-2 C.kg-1 (10 mR to 200 R). The fading behaviour of the OSL traps and the thermoluminescence (TL) traps are found to…
The Periodic Intensity Distribution (PID) analysis of the diffraction pattern of mica polytypes can be applied to single crystals. Since micas often appear as twins, general criteria are established to investigate the presence of twinning. These criteria are derived through a geometrical approach based on the general…