Materials Literature
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Recently we reported a study of the thermodynamics of methanesulfonic acid and some of its derivatives. The foundation of these results was a measurement of the heat of reaction of S-methyl thioacetate with aq sodium hypochlorite, leading to methanesulfonic acid. We have reinvestigated this reaction and discovered tha…
Hydrogen in steels causes various types of cracking, which occur when the amount of hydrogen in a steel reaches a critical level. This phenomenon results from excessive internal hydrogen pressure, and is associated with the formation of cracks at material imperfections, for example non-metallic inclusions. Consequentl…
Based on the thermodynamics involving the lattice expansion due to hydrogen insertion, the interaction between hydrogen atoms and the blocking effect in hydrogen diffusion, we discuss the profiles of hydrogen concentration and self-induced stress, and their interaction in the steady state during hydrogen diffusion acr…
A detailed ultrasonic study of the elastic properties of glycine phosphite single crystals has been carried out at room temperature as well as across the ferroelectric phase-transition temperature. All 13 elastic stiffness moduli of this monoclinic crystal at room temperature have been determined by measuring the velo…
We report an investigation of the deterioration mechanism of aged silk fabrics treated in various ways. When we examine the deteriorated silk with thermal and amino acid analyses, we find that the decomposition temperature (above 300°C) of aged silk is higher than that of newer silk fabrics, and the amino acids in the…
Hydrothermal investigations in the high-silica region of the K(2)O-Nd(2)O(3)-SiO(2) system, carried out in a search for novel fast-ion conductors (FICs), yielded the new compound tripotassium neodymium heptasilicate, K(3)NdSi(7)O(17). Single-crystal X-ray methods revealed that K(3)NdSi(7)O(17) crystallizes in space gr…
This review describes methods of preparing hybrid inorganic–organic mesoporous silicates with uniform channel structures, as well as some of their applications. Both reactive and passive organic groups can be incorporated in the porous solids by grafting methods or by co-condensation under surfactant control. Function…
A comprehensive review of the recent developments regarding the phenomenon of reentrant phase transitions (RPT) in liquid crystals is presented. In addition to liquid crystals this phenomenon has been observed in amazingly diverse systems. A critical assessment of the experimental investigations concerning single and…
To evaluate irradiation behavior of δ-ZrHx+U fuel, thermal migration of hydrogen under temperature gradient has been estimated according to traditional diffusion theory. Hydrogen profiles at steady state and diffusion kinetics in single-phase δ-ZrHx have been calculated for a cylinder specimen. When a temperature grad…
We derived a closed-form solution for the pressure required to open a spherical or a cylindrical cavity in brittle materials which demonstrate a two-curve pressure–shear behavior. The material is allowed to crack under tension and fail under shear; only both failure modes result in comminution. Since the cavity expans…
Effects of sulfate (SO42−) and nitrate (NO3−) ion additives on pit growth of pure aluminum were investigated in 0.1 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as a function of anion concentration using a potentiodynamic polarization experiment, a potentiostatic current transient technique, and optical microscopy. The increase…
Longitudinal wave propagation is controlled using shape memory inserts placed along rods. The inserts act as sources of impedance mismatch with tunable characteristics. Such characteristics are attributed to the unique behavior of the shape memory alloy whereby the elastic modulus significantly increases as the alloy…
Particles of the green luminescent Zn 2 SiO 4 :Mn having size of 0.3–1.3 µm was directly prepared by spray pyrolysis without post-annealing processes. Characteristics of as-prepared particles such as crystallinity, morphology, and photoluminescence were investigated. Zn 2 SiO 4 :Mn particles with spherical morphology,…
Low-resistivity indium–tin–oxide (ITO) films (8.9×10−5–2.3×10−4 Ω cm), 80±20 nm thick grown by combining pulsed laser deposition and laser irradiation of the substrate were studied in relation to tin (Sn) doping content. Films with Sn doping content over the range 0–10 wt % were deposited at room temperature (RT) and…
The total energies and the magnetic moments of Ru for HCP, BCC, FCC, BCT structures were calculated by using a first-principle full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). HCP has the lowest energy among the structures calculated, which agrees wit…
The immobilization of surfactant anions (e.g., dodecylsulfate, DS) in PPy films leads to stable, well conducting polymer films, and the film shows sensitivity to several kinds of gases and vapors. According to the generally accepted interpretation in the literature, the pattern of the interaction between the films and…
Novel ortho-palladated phenylpyrimidine-1,3-diketonato organyls with successively increasing numbers of alkyl chains were synthesized and investigated by polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A discontinuous transition from a lamellar to a columnar organization is observed, dependent on the number of ch…
Polyelectrolyte microcapsules are fabricated by a one-step surface precipitation and by a layer-by-layer technique on decomposable colloids. The ternary solvent water/acetone/sodium bromide is adjusted properly keeping dissolved simultaneously the strong polyelectrolytes sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) and poly(vinyl b…
Pulsed plasma polymerization of maleic anhydride leads to the deposition of well-defined anhydride functionalized films. These layers readily undergo reaction with amine-terminated nucleophiles to produce surface amide linkages that convert into cyclic imide groups upon heating. Potential applications include adhesion…
The anionic 5,10,15-tris(4-carboxyphenyl), 20-mono(2-nitrophenyl) porphyrin (1), 5,10(or 15)-bis(4-carboxyphenyl), 15(or 10),20-bis(2-nitrophenyl)porphyrin (2) and 5-mono(4-carboxyphenyl), 10,15,20-tris(2-nitrophenyl)porphyrin (3) were sinthesized directly by reaction of pyrrole with substituted benzaldehydes in nitro…