Materials Literature
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It is shown that the fundamental gauge-symmetry constraints superimposed on the admissible form of the exchange-correlation energy functional lead to the generalized local force theorem for small nonuniform rotations of the spin magnetic moments near equilibrium. The theorem suggests that the magnetic interactions res…
We have studied the effect of crystalline size and surface roughness on Raman intensity for PbS nanocrystalline semiconductors of different crystalline sizes prepared by an electrochemical route. Rutherford back scattering spectroscopy provides the estimation of surface roughness, thickness, and composition of the PbS…
A silver island film was thermally deposited on the top of an azobenzene self-assembled monolayer on gold, yielding a SERS-active system possessing a “sandwiched” structure of Ag|R 1 −Azo−R 2 S−|Au. For the first time, the positions of the Azo groups were controlled by using azobenzenealkanethiols with different termi…
Magnetic properties of REMe 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 3 with Me = Ni and Co are investigated for a series of rare earth (RE) elements. In both systems with Me = Ni and Co, the Curie temperature ( T C ), below which the magnetic moments of Me 2+ and Mn 4+ allign ferromagnetically, decreases remarkably as RE goes from La to heavier…
We track individual defects in the microdomain patterns of cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-polymethylmethacrylate films with atomic force microscopy to elucidate the evolution of diblock domain topology during annealing. This evolution takes place through relinking, joining, clustering, and annihilation of defects.…
We have examined the phase equilibrium and thermoelectric properties of Co1−xFexSb3 ternary system up to high iron context x=0.40. Traces of Sb were observed in the hot-pressed samples with x⩾0.06, and FeSb2 (Fe0.73Co0.27Sb2) compound with marcasite structure was also observed in the samples with x⩾0.25 by x-ray diffr…
The resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ and magnetoresistance (MR) $(\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}/\ensuremath{\rho})$ of an entangled single-wall carbon-nanotube network are investigated. The temperature dependence of the resistivity shows a negative $d\ensuremath{\rho}/dT$ from $T=4.3--300 \mathrm{K}$ with no…
The results of a cutback measurement of a glass-ceramic optical waveguide with single-mode fiber geometry have demonstrated that sub decibels per kilometer losses can be achieved. Difference spectra show that the limit of intrinsic scattering in these two-phase structures ought to be tens of decibels per kilometer.
We develop an analytic integral equation theory for treating polymer-induced effects on the structure and thermodynamics of dilute suspensions of hard spheres. Results are presented for the potential of mean force, free energy of insertion per particle into a polymer solution, and the second virial coefficient between…
Polymer molecules intercalated between the layers of calcium silicate hydrate during its precipitation from aqueous solution expand the interlayer dimension. Alteration in the structure by changes in bulk composition allows polymers of different charge to be intercalated. The polymer chains may adopt an extended linea…
Experimental results for core-electron photoemission ${J}_{\mathbf{k}}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ are often compared with the one-electron spectral function ${A}_{c}({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{k}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\omega}),$ where $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the photon energy, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{k}$ is the photoel…
The electronic structure of the silicocarbide ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{SiC}}_{2}$ has been determined by the full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital (FLMTO) method. The spectra of the core-electron levels and valence bands of ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{SiC}}_{2}$ have been obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectrosco…
We propose to use a reflection confocal microscope (RCM) as a readout system for digital data stored in a three-dimensional (3D) photochromic optical memory. We describe the merits and the difficulties for 3D optical memory that are associated with the use of such a RCM.It is shown by means of 3D Fourier space analysi…
Using 514 nm radiation and a careful experimental protocol allowing us to make quantitative intensity analyses, we have examined the first- and second-order Raman spectra of five varieties of graphite. These include single-crystal graphite and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite as references, then two with a significa…
Two types of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis gene loci (phb and pha) of Pseudomonas sp. strain 61-3, which produces a blend of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] homopolymer and a random copolymer (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HA]) consisting of 3HA units of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, were…
We report on the optical properties of the hole-doped manganites ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3},$ ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3},$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}.$ The low-energy optical conductivity in the paramagnetic-insulating sta…
Hysteresis is studied for a two-dimensional, spin-1/2, nearest-neighbor, kinetic Ising ferromagnet in an oscillating field, using Monte Carlo simulations and analytical theory. Attention is focused on large systems and strong field amplitudes at a temperature below T_c. In this parameter regime, the magnetization swit…
Finite gold nanowires containing fewer than $1000$ atoms are studied using the molecular-dynamics simulation method and the embedded-atom potential. Nanowires with a face-centered-cubic structure and (111)-oriented cross section are prepared at $T=0$ K. After annealing and quenching, the structure and vibrational prop…
We discuss a nonperturbative, technically straightforward, easy-to-use, and computationally affordable method, based on polarization theory, for the calculation of the electronic dielectric constant of insulating solids at the first-principles level. We apply the method to GaAs, AlAs, InN, SiC, ZnO, GaN, AlN, BeO, LiF…
We have investigated the structure and electronic properties of graphite nanoparticles prepared by heat treating diamond nanoparticles. The prepared nanographite forms a polyhedron with a hollow in its inside, whose faces comprise a stacking of 3--6 planar graphene sheets with an in-plane size of 7--8 nm and an inters…