Materials Literature
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ß‐Si 3 N 4 crystals were obtained through the heat treatment of alpha‐Si 3 N 4 powder with additives, Y 2 O 3 :SiO 2 = 1:2 and 2:1, and subsequent acid treatments that removed the secondary phases. The lattice oxygen contents of these crystals were determined by the hot‐gas extraction method to be 0.258 ± 0.006 and 0.…
In the first part of this study we described the process of destabilization of foam films by mixed (silica−silicone oil) antifoam drops as observed with a high-speed video camera. The drops formed oil bridges, which stretched with time and eventually ruptured the foam films. Remarkably, two types of bridges could be d…
Eutectic gallium-indium is studied in a horizontal Bridgman furnace geometry. Differential temperature gradients are applied to solidify and melt the alloy while observing in-situ the interface morphology and the chemical segregation in the melt and in the solid as well. Upon cooling, a wedge-type indium-rich mushy zo…
Room-temperature recrystallization (self-annealing) of electroplated copper (Cu) films is investigated using three kinds of seed/barrier layers with nontexture and (111) texture. The as-plated films have almost the same texture as the seeds. The texture changes during self-annealing depend on the seed texture. The (11…
Cyclotella meneghiniana was collected from an artificial pond Kosharskij near Feodosia, Crimea, isolated and cultured under different conditions (freshwater, 2‰, 4‰, 8‰, and 16‰ salinity). Detailed light- and electron microscope investigations were made of specimens from monoclonal cultures of C. meneghiniana and comp…
Intrinsic GaAs single crystals were deformed under hydrostatic pressure at temperatures down to 130K. Slip lines indicate that, below 300 K, deformation occurs by ½ ⟨101⟩{111} slip with frequent cross-slip. Above 300 K the crystal is so brittle that no slip lines are observed and the critical resolved shear stress τ c…
Dermal sheep collagen (DSC), which was crosslinked with 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BD) by using four different conditions, was characterized and its biocompatibility was evaluated after subcutaneous implantation in rats. Crosslinking at pH 9.0 (BD90) or with successive epoxy and carbodiimide steps (BD45EN) resu…
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used for many years to evaluate polymer thermal stability. The objective of this study is to determine if weight-loss curves from TGA and isothermal TGA (IGA) can be used to determine degradation activation energies and thus rank the thermal stability (TS) and thermooxidative…
Corrosion failure in most organic coating/substrate systems initiates as a local event that may originate at a chemical or physical heterogeneity within the coating itself or possibly in the substrate. The ability to detect, map the location, and make quantitative in situ measurements of coating heterogeneities will h…
The rate of subcritical crack growth in a metaphosphate Nd‐doped laser glass was measured using the double‐cleavage‐drilled compression (DCDC) method. The crack velocity is reported as a function of stress intensity at temperatures ranging from 296 to 573 K and in nitrogen with water vapor pressures ranging from 40 Pa…
Modulated thermoreflectance microscopy is applied to a complete thermal characterization of a thin film of gold (78 nm) or YBaCuO (300 nm) on a LaAlO3 substrate. The phase profile, measured at several modulation frequencies covering an appropriate range, is fitted with a rigorous thermal diffusion model. This leads to…
Although solid state metal oxides are of both fundamental and practical interest, the designed synthesis of such materials remains an elusive goal. However, valuable synthetic guidelines may be derived from a consideration of the plethora of Nature's remarkable materials which contain composites of molecules or micros…
We have calculated the electronic and atomic structures for 180° domain walls in PbTiO3 using a first-principles total energy method. Domain walls are found to be Pb centered and extremely narrow with a width of only about two lattice constants. The energy density of a domain wall is calculated to be 0.1–0.2 J/m2.
Thermoelectric properties of ceramic samples of NiO doped with Li are studied in the temperature range of 450–1280 K, with different Li contents. The substitution of Li for Ni atoms in a cubic NiO lattice results in a high thermoelectric power factor over a wide temperature range. Furthermore, Li substitution decrease…
We present results of an in situ STM study on the surface structure and anodic dissolution of Cu(111) electrodes in pure 0.01 M H 2 SO 4 solution and in solution containing the corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole (BTAH), which is aimed at an atomistic understanding of the dissolution process and the inhibitior effects.…
Pseudomonas cepacia is known as a rock phosphate (RP) solubilizer in bioreactors and in soils. The objectives of this study were to determine the production rates of gluconic acid (GA, pK d 3.41) and 2‐ketogluconic acid (KGA, pK d 2.66) by the bacteria in the presence of clay minerals which prevail in soils, and the r…
Abstract Thermoelectric performance of polyaniline can be improved by formation of multilayered film structure. The alternatively layered films are composed of electrically insulating emeraldine base layers and electrically conducting (±)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA)-doped emeraldine salt layers. The multilayered fil…
We consider alignment of a symmetric diblock copolymer melt thin film or bulk phase by an electric field using a capacitor analogy. For the lamellar phase we show that alignment of the lamellae in the direction perpendicular to the bounding electrodes, compared to parallel alignment, occurs for thicker films. For thin…
Donor- and acceptor-substituted alkynylated chromium carbonyl arene complexes Cr(CO) 2 L( η 6 -R 1 -C 6 H 4 )(C⋮C) n R 2 ( 1, n = 1, L = CO, PPh 3, R 1 = H, o -formyl, R 2 = p -C 6 H 4 -NMe 2, p -C 6 H 4 -NO 2, ferrocenyl; 3, n = 2, L = CO, R 1 = H, R 2 = p -C 6 H 4 -NMe 2, p -C 6 H 4 -NO 2, ferrocenyl) are easily acc…
Data are presented on real time (VISAR) measurements of the spall fracture of copper for various pulse durations and tensile strain rates at the spall plane. The impactors consist of Teflon, Y-cut quartz, and a tungsten heavy alloy. VISAR data are compared with finite-difference calculations employing a rate-dependent…