Materials Literature
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The electrochemical behavior of thin sputter‐deposited mixed oxide films with ‐contents of 10, 20, 50, and 90% was studied with in situ X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). These measurements gave information on the chemical states and dissolution rates during anodic and cathodic polarization in different…
ABSTRACT Transglutaminase (TG) was used to produce films from whey protein isolate, soybean 11S globulin and a mixture of the two (1:1, wt/wt). Solubility of TG cross‐linked films was lower than that of control films at pH 3, 4, 6 and 8. Solubility of control films in 6.6M urea and in 10% SDS was higher than that of T…
The coherency defect technique is developed for the domain pattern energetics in rhombohedral (001) epitaxial ferroelectric films. The coherency defects that are necessary to maintain the epitaxy during the ferroelectric phase transition are considered to be the only sources of elastic strains and stresses (and, corre…
The first nucleobase-functionalized polythiophenes, e.g., the uracil-substituted polythiophene shown in the Figure, produced by electrochemical oxidation of bithiophenes covalently linked to the nucleobases uracil and adenine, are reported. Their synthesis, characterization, and polymerization are detailed and the inf…
Abstract The claystones and mudstones investigated are London Clay, Fullers Earth, Oxford Clay and Kimmeridge Clay. The thermal conductivities were measured using a divided bar apparatus and the values measured perpendicular to layering ranged from 0.68 to 0.97 W/mK. Comparative measurements of thermal conductivities…
Epitaxial ultrathin films of BaTiO3 were prepared using molecular beam epitaxy. For the substrate, (001)-oriented SrTiO3 single crystals were used. Controlling the growth conditions of these films as well as the semiconductor thin films, led to the successful growth of the BaTiO3 films as single crystals, characterize…
Skin loss due to burns and ulcers is a major medical problem. Bioengineered skin substitutes that use cultured keratinocytes as an epidermal layer with or without analogues of the dermis are one strategy for skin repair. However, none can achieve definitive wound closure, function, or cosmesis comparable to split-thic…
Phase separation of poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), often called "coacervation" in the pharmaceutical field, is one of the classical methods for peptide drug microencapsulation in biodegradable polyesters. Although numerous studies have used this technique, the underlying physicochemical mec…
Pyrolysis of different polysilazanes has been used to prepare novel covalent amorphous ceramics composed of silicon, carbon, and nitrogen. The formation and structure of the as-pyrolyzed amorphous state and its devitrification into stable crystalline phases have been investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonance…
Three helicase structures have been determined recently: that of the DNA helicase PcrA, that of the hepatitis C virus RNA helicase, and that of the Escherichia coli DNA helicase Rep. PcrA and Rep belong to the same super-family of helicases (SF1) and are structurally very similar. In contrast, the HCV helicase belongs…
Abstract Iron(II)-containing minerals are potential inorganic nitrate reductants in soils and sediments. Specifically, synthetic green rust (Fe 4 II Fe III 2 (OH) 12 SO 4 . y H 2 O, GR) reduces nitrate to ammonium. The reaction of GR with two different nitrate salts, NaNO 3 and Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , has been compared. The rea…
Considerable progress has been made using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and tunneling spectroscopy (STS) to examine the atomic structures and properties of transition metal oxide surfaces. The surfaces are found to be very sensitive to thermochemical history; consequently a large variety of surface structures ha…
Effects of different salts (NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, GdmCl, NaBr, NaClO4, NaH2PO4, Na2SO4) on the stability of the ubiquitin molecule at pH 2.0 have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, circular dichroism, and Tyr fluorescence spectroscopies. It is shown that all of the salts studied significantly increase th…
Electroabsorption or Stark effect spectroscopy has been applied to a pair of porphyrin-based chromophores with the aim of deriving a detailed understanding of the origin of the remarkable first hyperpolarizability, β, of one of the chromophores: [5-[[4‘-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethynyl]-15-[(4‘‘-nitrophenyl)ethynyl]-10,2…
Thermodynamic data, together with equilibria involving 1‐ H ‐benzotriazole (BTAH) and cuprous benzotriazole species (CuBTA), have been used to construct aqueous E ‐pH diagrams for and systems. The diagrams are the first of their kind for BTAH‐containing solutions and show the domains of stability of the CuBTA salt. Th…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTArchitectural Copolymers: Rod-Shaped, Cylindrical DendrimersR. Yin, Y. Zhu, D. A. Tomalia, and H. IbukiView Author Information Michigan Molecular Institute 1910 W. St. Andrews Road Midland, Michigan 48640 Biochemistry Department, Unitika Ltd. R&D Center 23 Kozakura, Uj…
Dense, periodic arrays of holes and troughs have been fabricated in silicon, silicon nitride, and germanium. The holes are approximately 20 nanometers (nm) wide, 20 nm deep, spaced 40 nm apart, and uniformly patterned with 3×1012 holes on a three inch wafer. To access this length scale, self-assembling resists were sy…
ABSTRACT Films were cast from heated, alkaline aqueous solutions of soy protein (5 g/100 mL water) and glycerin (50% w/w of protein). Control and ultraviolet (UV) irradiated (13.0, 25.9,38.9, 51.8, 77.8, or 103.7 J/m 2 ) films were evaluated for tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), water vapor permeability…
Mechanisms of photoexpansion in chalcogenide glasses have been studied in three respects. A detailed x-ray investigation of ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ shows that the photoexpansion can be connected with asymmetric broadening of the first sharp diffraction peak. Comparison between radiation-induced volume chan…
Despite intensive research on the encapsulation of metal nanoparticles into carbon clusters deposited by arc discharge, the detailed pathways of the formation of these novel forms of materials remain unclear. The growth of a rich variety of morphologies is not well understood. Studies are reported here on the growth p…