Materials Literature
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Abstract A model is presented to explain why tubular halloysite rolls in preference to tetrahedral rotation to correct misfit of the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets. It is shown that the rolling mechanism operates as it encounters significantly less resistance from Si-Si repulsion in comparison to tetrahedral rotati…
Electrochromic cobalt oxide thin films were prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The source material was cobalt(II) acetylacetonate. Tricobalto tetraoxide thin films were obtained at a substrate temperature 250°C. Oxidation and reduction of the films in a 0.1 M KOH solution resulted in changes in optical absorption.…
Abstract Two different poly( L ‐lactides) (PLLAb and PLLAa) were blended with poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and an elastic poly(ε‐caprolactone/L‐lactide) P(CL/L‐LA) copolymer to modify the mechanical properties of PLLA. Blends of both PLLAs with 20 wt.‐% of PCL were prepared. PLLAa was blended with 20 wt.‐% of P(CL/L‐LA)…
By the use of an iterative method the linearized phonon-Boltzmann equation for a dielectric solid subjected to a thermal gradient is solved in the frame of three-phonon interactions. In this way it is possible to calculate the thermal conductivity of rare-gas solids starting from the pair potential and accounting for…
An interpenetrating polymer network, IPN, is defined as a combination of two or more polymers in network form, at least one of which is polymerized and/or crosslinked in the immediate presence of the other(s). The synthesis, morphology and mechanical properties of recent works are reviewed, with special emphasis on du…
PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in the detection of focal liver lesions with respect to dose, side effects, and pulse sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized double-blinded trial was performed in 33 patients with focal solid liver l…
Potential of thermally induced phase separation as a porogen technique has been studied in an effort to produce a surgical implant suitable for cell transplantation. Emphasis has been placed on the liquid-liquid phase separation of solutions of amorphous poly DL-lactide and semicrystalline poly L-lactide in an 87/13 d…
By using thin layers of random copolymer, we have varied the specificity of block-wall interactions for films of diblock copolymer confined between parallel walls. For highly specific interactions (bare walls), one block component segregates to both interfaces, and the frustration due to incommensuration between film…
Opportunistic infections, such as aspergillosis, are among the most serious complications suffered by immunocompromised patients. Aspergillus fumigatus and other pathogenic fungi synthesize a toxic epipolythiodioxopiperazine metabolite called gliotoxin. Gliotoxin exhibits profound immunosuppressive activity in vivo. I…
Block copolymer micelles have been employed as nanosized reactors in which single gold particles were formed. Films can be produced by a process consisting of four steps. Monolayers of hexagonally assembled micelles (see Figure and this month's cover) can be prepared with rather regularly arranged, size‐controlled Au…
The fundamental theory of the UHF method for detecting partial discharge (PD) in gas insulated substations (GIS) is presented. The effects of position, size, current amplitude and pulse shape of the PD source on the UHF signal can be predicted using this theory. Excitation of propagating electromagnetic waves by a PD…
Polymerized (F-)actin is induced to form bundles by a number of polycations including divalent metal ions, Co(NH3)63+, and basic polypeptides. The general features of bundle formation are largely independent of the specific structure of the bundling agent used. A threshold concentration of polycation is required to fo…
A classical model for the lattice distortions of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ is derived and, in a mean field approximation, solved. The model is based on previous work by Kanamori and involves localized Mn d electrons (which induce tetragonal dist…
What can stop the mountain of discarded plastic packaging from growing? One solution to be considered is the development and use of biodegradable polymers. The advantages and drawbacks of various biodegradable plastics, water‐soluble polymers, and natural and semisynthetic polymers are outlined in tis review. The Figu…
A predictive model was developed for uniform carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion, based on modeling of individual electrochemical reactions in a water-CO2 system. The model takes into account the electrochemical reactions of hydrogen ion (H+) reduction, carbonic acid (H2CO3) reduction, direct water reduction, oxygen reduct…
We present mathematical results which dramatically enhance the computational efficiency of the phase-field method for modeling the solidification of a pure material. These results make it possible to resolve a smaller capillary length to interface thickness ratio and thus render smaller undercooling and three-dimensio…
The coupled-wave method formulated by Moharam and Gaylord [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.73, 451 ( 1983)] is known to be slowly converging, especially for TM polarization of metallic lamellar gratings. The slow convergence rate has been analyzed in detail by Li and Haggans [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A10, 1184 ( 1993)], who made clear that…
Carbon nanotubes subject to large deformations reversibly switch into different morphological patterns. Each shape change corresponds to an abrupt release of energy and a singularity in the stress-strain curve. These transformations, simulated using a realistic many-body potential, are explained by a continuum shell m…
Publised data on the activity and selectivity of titanium-containing catalysts of esterification and transesterification reactions are surveyed. The influence of the nature of ligand and of the composition of the medium on the activity of catalysts is shown. The selectivity of the catalysts is considered from the view…
The characteristic features of the synthesis and properties of cardo polyheteroarylenes (polyarylates, aromatic polyethers, polyamides, polyimides, polyoxadiazoles, and others) are examined and surveyed. It is shown that cardo polymers containing bulky side-groups, linked via cyclic groups to the polymer main chain, h…