Materials Literature
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The thermoluminescence (TL) of heated amorphous ZrO2, doped by Ti, Th, U, Nb, Dy, excited by 253.7 nm or X-radiation is investigated. Six main peaks are observed at 100, 135, 190, 245, 285, and 385 K and their activation energies determined by four methods. It is shown that most traps obey Curie's model, and that the…
Optical-absorption spectra of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: Co x-irradiated at 80 and 300 K are reported. Room-temperature x-irradiated crystals show five bands with peaks at 250, 295, 545, 715, and 780 nm which are associated with a Co-related defect. Irradiation at 80 K produces some bands at 240, 280, and 535 nm which are…
Phase gratings with deep rectangular grooves have been successfully used in the zero diffraction order as transmission color filters. They form the basis of the ZOD microimage system for recording color images as surface-relief structures. ZOD images can be inexpensively replicated by hot embossing in a transparent sh…
Based on band-structure calculations presented in part I, the valence charge density of Li${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$ is evaluated and presented in contour diagrams and iinear plots. The hybridization of the Li $2s$ states with the bands of graphite is studied and quantified in terms of the Li contact density. It is found that…
The reflectances of single crystals of the trifluorides of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Dy, and of polycrystalline Gd${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ were measured in the 10-34-eV region, along with 5-9-eV transmission measurements on films of these materials. Localized $4f\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d$, $6s$ transitions on the rare-earth ions giv…
In molecular solids, vibrational frequencies can be profoundly affected (shifted by > 50%) by relatively modest hydrostatic pressures. We have carried out an extensive Raman-scattering investigation of the influence of pressure and temperature on a large number of phonons in two inversely related chalcogenide molec…
The charge-density-wave (CDW) linear-chain metal Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ shows striking non-Ohmic behavior when the applied electric field exceeds \ensuremath{\sim} 0.1 V/cm. Hall effect, transverse magnetoresistance, conductivity anisotropy, and Shubnikov-de Haas measurements using sufficiently low current densities to…
We report careful right-angle Raman measurements, in the tetragonal phase of BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, of the lowest overdamped "soft" $E(\mathrm{TO})$ mode. The measurements are from 22\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition, which occurs at ${T}_{c}=135\ifmmode^\circ\else\textd…
A spectroscopic characterization of poly(2-vinyl pyridine) is presented for the purpose of utilizing this material as a test case to examine the validity of a new theory of the electronic structure of saturated-chain pendant-group polymers. In this theory, which we refer to as the molecular-ion model, low-energy elect…
High resolution resonance Raman spectra of octaethylporphyrinato-Ni(II) [Ni (OEP)], its meso-deuterated and 15N substituted derivatives were measured. With excitation near the O–1 transition, about 90 nonfundamental modes and previously unrecognized fundamental modes were observed for each derivative. The analysis of…
The results of a detailed band-structure calculation for first-stage lithium graphite (Li${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$) are presented. In addition to the band dispersion, the density of states near the Fermi level, the shape of the Fermi surface, plasma frequencies, optical masses, de Haas-van Alphen frequencies and masses, and…
X-ray scattering studies of Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ show the formation of two independent, incommensurate charge-density waves (CDW) with wave vectors ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}}}_{1}=(0, 0.243, 0)$ and ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}}}_{2}=(0.5, 0.263, 0.5)$ at ${T}_{1}=144$ K and…
Effects of refraction of $p$-polarized light are shown to be of importance in understanding angle-resolved photoemission data from surface states on metals as a function of the photon energy. Special attention is paid to photon energies near the bulk-plasmon energy of the metal, and it is shown that refraction effects…
In this work, we provide a simple classical model to explain the enormous intensity enhancement observed for Raman scattering from molecules adsorbed on electrode surfaces. It is proposed that the origin of the intensity enhancement arises from very large changes in the polarizability derivative with respect to a norm…
The special-point formulas generated from product Gauss-Chebyshev integration formulas for fcc and bcc lattices are compared with those resulting from the special treatment suggested by Monkhorst and Pack. It is found that the Monkhorst-Pack special-point formulas are more efficient for formulas with few points and le…
A method to obtain the X-ray photoabsorption spectra of a bulk sample based on the specular reflection of continuous radiation on its surface is proposed.
LEED crystallography is reviewed by describing the four stages of a typical surface-structure analysis by LEED, namely (i) the experimental procedure, (ii) the identification of structural model, (iii) the calculation of LEED intensities expected from the chosen models, (iv) the evaluation of the agreement between cal…
Yeast poly(adenylic acid)-containing messenger ribonucleic acid isolated from two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was fractionated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of formamide. Three messenger ribonucleic acids, present at high intracellular concentration, were electrophoretically…
Isolated single-layer edge dislocations in smectic liquid crystals are observed by polarization microscopy. The modification of the smectic-$A$---smectic-$C$ transition temperature by the strain field of the dislocations is used to make them visible. Observations of periodic arrays in thin samples, by various polariza…
X-ray photoemission spectra of $4f$ and valence electrons in surface atoms of gold have been obtained. The surface-atom $4f$ level is shifted 0.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 eV to lower binding energy relative to the bulk value. The surface density of states is narrowed by (7.6 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.1)%…