Materials Literature
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Pourbaix diagrams (potential-pH diagrams) for the ternary system of Fe-Cr-Ni at 25°C to 300°C were calculated. Extrapolation of thermochemical data to elevated temperatures was performed with the revised model of Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers, which also allows uncharged aqueous complexes to be handled. The large stability…
A detailed analysis of crack propagation in tetragonal zirconia polycrystals doped with 3 mol% of Y 2 O 3 (3Y‐TZP) ceramics is presented. Crack propagation tests have been conducted for crack velocities of 10 ‐12 ‐10 ‐3 m/s in several environments, including air, water (in the temperature range of 3°‐85°C), secondary…
Electrical resistivity (\ensuremath{\rho}), magnetoresistance (MR), magnetization, thermopower, and Hall-effect measurements on the single-crystal ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{2}{\mathrm{PdSi}}_{3},$ crystallizing in an ${\mathrm{AlB}}_{2}$-derived hexagonal structure, are reported. The well-defined minimum in \ensuremath{\rho} at…
Bismuth oxide, when stabilized in the face‐centered cubic phase by lanthanide doping, has one of the highest oxygen‐ion conductivities among all solid oxide electrolytes. We previously reported a time‐dependent aging phenomenon in phase‐stabilized bismuth oxides that involves ordering of the anion sublattice, as disti…
In lead zirconate titanate piezoceramics, external stresses can cause substantial changes in the piezoelectric coefficients, dielectric constant, and elastic compliance due to nonlinear effects and stress depoling effects. In both soft and hard PZT piezoceramics, the aging can produce a memory effect that will facilit…
Due to continuing miniaturization, characteristic dimensions of electronic components are now becoming of the same order of magnitude as the characteristic microstructural scales of the constituent materials, such as grain sizes. In this situation, it is necessary to take into account the influence of microstructure w…
PURPOSE: Stealth (ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, CA) liposomal drug formulation allows a higher intratumoral accumulation and a prolonged plasma half-life of the encapsulated drugs. In the study presented here, we evaluated the feasibility of Stealth liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx; ALZA Corporation) administered concurre…
Calculations based on a simple modified Wiener's model for thermal conductivity of a composite material predict that the thermal conductivity of ß‐Si 3 N 4 decreases quickly as the grain‐boundary film thickness increases within a range of a few tenths of a nanometer and also that it initially increases steeply with in…
A theoretical study is given of a new type of optical vortex in nonlinear anisotropic media. This is realized as a special solution of the two-component non-linear Schroedinger equation. The vortex is inherent in the spin texture that is caused by an anisotropy of dielectric tensor, for which a role of spin is played…
The influence of immobile filler particles (spheres, fibers, platelets) on polymer-blend phase separation is investigated computationally using a generalization of the Cahn-Hilliard-Cook (CHC) model. Simulation shows that the selective affinity of one of the polymers for the filler surface leads to the development of…
Sterically stabilized liposome is characterized by a surface coating of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or other polymers that can reduce opsonization of the liposome by plasma proteins. It has a higher plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), which is believed to correlate with better therapeutic efficacy. How…
Polymer coatings of brushlike monolayers composed of two different polymers, polystyrene and poly(2-vinylpyridine), are grafted by radical polymerization on the surface of silicon wafers. Thickness, grafting density, molecular weight of grafted chains, and the composition of the coatings were regulated by grafting tim…
A viscous liquid drop sliding down an inclined solid that it partially wets runs all the faster since it is large. Here we examine what happens in the limit of very high contact angles, on a so-called super-hydrophobic surface. It is shown that a droplet rolls instead of sliding, which leads to a surprising law for th…
We show that ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}\mathrm{VAl}$ is a compound for which the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to the exchange-correlation functional in density functional theory makes a qualitative change in predicted behavior compared to the usual local density approximation. Application of GGA leads to predictio…
ABSTRACT Whereas native whey protein films were totally water soluble, heat denatured films were insoluble. Heat‐denatured whey protein films had higher tensile properties than native whey protein films. However, native and heat‐denatured films had similar water vapor permeability (WVP). The pH of the film‐forming sol…
Dissolved H 2 O in silicate melts and glasses plays a crucial role in volcanic eruptions on terrestrial planets and affects glass properties and magma evolution. In this paper, major progress on several aspects of the H 2 O‐melt (or glass) system is reviewed, consistency among a variety of data is investigated, discre…
A systematic investigation into the effect of surface chemistry on bacterial adhesion was carried out. In particular, a number of physicochemical factors important in defining the surface at the molecular level were assessed for their effect on the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphyloco…
Dark opaque blue to transmissive light blue is the color transition that poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) and derivatives undergo when switched from their reduced to oxidized state. These polymers are very promising electrochromic materials—they exhibit more rapid switching, lower oxidation potentials, and…
Macroscopic polarization plays a major role in determining the optical and electrical properties of nitride nanostructures via polarization-induced built-in electrostatic fields. While currently fashionable, this field of endeavour is still by far in its early infancy. Here we contribute some clarifications on the con…
Temperature-dependent Raman spectra of polycrystalline ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ samples, referred to as ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ for convenience, were correlated to their structural and magnetic properties for different $\ensuremath{\delta}.$…