Materials Literature
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ABSTRACT Edible films were cast from solutions of sodium or calcium caseinate and from emulsions of these proteins with acetylated monoglyceride, beeswax, and stearic acid. The water vapor permeabilities of the films were evaluated at 25°C using the ASTM E96–80 method, modified to calculate the % relative humidity at…
Abstract The direct oxidation of CH 4 to H 2 and CO in O 2 and in air at high temperatures over alumina foam monoliths coated with high loadings of Pt and Rh has been simulated using a 19‐elementary‐step model of adsorption, desorption and surface reaction steps with reaction parameters from the literature or from fit…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel identification and control of solution crystallization processes: a reviewJames B. Rawlings, Stephen M. Miller, and Walter R. WitkowskiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 7, 1275–1296Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2…
Ballistic and diffusive phonon transport under small time and spatial scales are important in fast-switching electronic devices and pulsed-laser processing of materials. The Fourier law represents only diffusive transport and yields an infinite speed for heat waves. Although the hyperbolic heat equation involves a fin…
It is demonstrated that hysteresis in the magnetostriction k is coupled to hysteresis in the magnetization M because of the dependence of the magnetostriction on the magnetization. At the same time, when stress is present, the magnetization is in turn coupled to the behavior of the part of the magnetostriction associa…
Introduction. Summary of atomic and molecular R-matrix theory. Applications: Electron-atom scattering. Electron-ion scattering. Electron-molecule scattering H^T2, O^T2, HCl. Photoionization. Free-free transitions H-, C-. Computer program packages: Structure codes. Scattering codes. References not in the R-matrix bibli…
A simple model for the rheological behavior of concentrated colloidal dispersions is developed. For a suspension of Brownian hard spheres there are two contributions to the macroscopic stress: a hydrodynamic and a Brownian stress. For small departures from equilibrium, the hydrodynamic contribution is purely dissipati…
Polarized Raman-scattering spectra are obtained from oriented single crystals of ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$. Second-order features are assigned to phonon overtones from the X and L points on the Brillouin-zone boundary on the basis of selection rules and by analogy to another fluorite structure compound, ${\mathrm{BaF}}_{2}…
The structural and functional roles of threonine-23 in the chicken muscle adenylate kinase (AK) were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis coupled with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and phosphorus stereochemistry. The residue is potentially important because it is conserved among all types of AK and is p…
Early stages of diamond film deposition on molybdenum substrates using dc arc discharge in CH4/H2 gas mixtures were studied by in situ measurements of optical reflectivity of growing film. Ultrafine diamond grit of ≊200 Å size was used for seeding to increase nucleation density up to 2×109 cm−2 and to produce smooth t…
Temperature hysteresis is theoretically studied for the volume phase transition of chemically cross-linked gels. The condition of the appearance of a ``surface skin layer'' of new phase is formulated and calculated. The result predicts that the surface skin layer is destabilized near the critical point of the transiti…
Epitaxial (001) diamond film were grown on mirror-polished single-crystalline (001) silicon substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition from a methane/hydrogen gas mixture. The films were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray analysis. The results show that…
We have found that diamond can be synthesized from a mixture of CH4 and N2 without adding any H2. This new synthesis is sharply different from the common practice of diamond growth by chemical vapor deposition, which uses a hydrogen-rich mixture of CH4 and H2. In this new approach, nitrogen becomes an active component…
The crystal structure of a stable silyl cation, triethylsilylium, in the form of its tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl)borate salt [Et(3)Si(+) (C(6)F(5))(4)B(-)] (Et, ethyl) shows no coordination between cation and anion. The closest silicon-fluorine distance is greater than 4 angstroms. A toluene solvent molecule is close…
In dielectric multilayer optical coatings, laser induced damage is often associated with micrometers -scale surface defects such as the well known nodule defect. The interaction mechanism of the laser light with the coating defects is not understood, however. Historically, laser damage has been associated with peaks i…
Barium titanate thin films were deposited on metallic conducting BaPbO3 ceramic substrates by the sol-gel method using metal alkoxides. The thin films with a thickness of around 0.4 μm were confirmed to have a perovskite structure and to be highly resistive with a resistivity of more than 1011 Ω cm at room temperature…
The complex dielectric constant of ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{0.40}$(${\mathrm{ND}}_{4}$${)}_{0.60}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$${\mathrm{PO}}_{4}$ has been measured in the frequency interval from 1 mHz to 1 GHz at temperatures between 40 and 140 K. A novel frequency-temperature plot of the data is introduced to show that the behavior of…
Studies of icosahedral quasicrystals have revealed a conductivity pseudogap much narrower than the density-of-states pseudogap, resulting in a rapid suppression of electron diffusivity inside the latter. In contrast, measurements of the new metallic compounds ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$Ru show the formation of a semiconductin…
Discusses the three-stage numerical exposition of the effects of quenched disorder on phase ordering dynamics. The authors study the effects of random fields on domain growth. The numerical results indicate that the domain growth law is logarithmic for both the cases with non-conserve and conserved order parameter. Th…
A family of quasicrystals of dimensions 1, 2, 3, 4 governed by the root lattice E 8 is constructed. The use of the icosian ring, found in the quaternions with coefficients in Q( square root 5), allows simultaneous interpretation of the construction both in physical space and as a result of the standard 'cut-and-projec…