Materials Literature
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We consider the diffraction of a time-harmonic wave incident upon a grating (or periodic) structure. We study mathematical issues that arise in the direct modeling, inverse, and optimal design problems. Particular attention is paid to the variational approach and to finite-element methods. For the direct problem vario…
A new modeling system to determine the optical response function of a multilayer structure with imposed periodicity in the plane of the layers, a multilayer diffraction grating, is described. This new model has two essential ingredients. This model is based on the well-established coordinate transformation procedure d…
The upconversion mechanism of Er3+ ions has been studied for lead-germanate glasses containing Er2O3 concentrations from 0.1 mol % to 2 mol %. Intense green emission was observed at room temperature due to 4S3/2→4I15/2 transition excited by a cw near-infrared laser beam at 797 nm. This green emission shows a similar i…
In Part 1 of this work, we formulated and analyzed a mathematical model for our fibroblast-populated collagen microsphere (FPCM) assay of cell traction forces (Moon and Tranquillo, 1993). In this assay, the FPCM diameter decreases with time as the cells compact the gel by exerting traction on collagen fibrils. In Part…
Abstract Nylon 6‐clay hybrid (NCH) is a molecular composite of Nylon 6 and uniformly dispersed silicate monolayers of montmorillonite. In this study the preferred orientation of montmorillonite and Nylon‐6 crystallites in a thick (3 mm) injection‐molded bar of NCH has been investigated using x‐ray diffraction and elec…
Nickel oxide electrochromic thin films were prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. The as-deposited optical property and electrochromic behavior strongly depended on the target operation mode and the substrate temperature. The sample sputtered with low oxygen flow rate, high power and substrate temperature of 2…
We have performed spin- and orbital-unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations on a realistic perovskite-type lattice model using electronic-structure parameters deduced from photoemission spectroscopy. For high-spin ${\mathit{d}}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$, alternating (3${\mathit{x}}^{2}$-${\mathit{r}}^{2}$)/(3${\mathi…
Many proteins, including proteases and growth factors, are synthesized as precursors in the form of pre-pro-proteins. Whereas the pre-sequences usually act as signal peptides for transport, the pro-sequences of an increasing number of these proteins have been found to be essential for the correct folding of their asso…
We present a detailed experimental and numerical investigation of the directional-solidification growth patterns in thin films of the ${\mathrm{CBr}}_{4}$--8 mol % ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cl}}_{6}$ alloy, as a function of the orientation of the (fcc) crystal with respect to the solidification setup. Most experimen…
Variations in the nonreactive P content of lake sediments as a consequence of changing redox conditions suggest that microorganisms may contribute to uptake and release of P. In this study, 31–50% of the nonreactive P was identified as polyphosphate (poly‐P) in NaOH extracts of sediments from eutrophic Lake Baldegg an…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of the Nitrous Oxide NN Bond by a Tris(amido)molybdenum(III) ComplexCatalina E. Laplaza, Aaron L. Odom, William M. Davis, Christopher C. Cummins, and John D. ProtasiewiczCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 17, 4999–5000Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publica…
Multidimensional, multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with dynamical simulated annealing has been used to determine the structure of a 110 amino acid cellulose-binding domain (CBD) from Cex, a beta-1,4-glycanase from the bacterium Cellulomonas fimi (CBDcex). An experimental data set comprisin…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure Development in Semicrystalline Diblock Copolymers Crystallizing from the Ordered MeltA. J. Ryan, I. W. Hamley, W. Bras, and F. S. BatesCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 11, 3860–3868Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 200…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo Interpenetrating 3D Networks Which Generate Spacious Sealed-Off Compartments Enclosing of the Order of 20 Solvent Molecules in the Structures of Zn(CN)(NO3)(tpt)2/3.cntdot.solv (tpt = 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine, solv = .apprx.3/4C2H2Cl4.cntdot.3/4CH3OH or .apprx…
A 5.0-kbp genomic EcoRI restriction fragment which complemented a third subclass of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA)-leaky mutants of A. eutrophus that accumulated PHA at a lower rate than the wild type was cloned from Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. A 687-bp phaPAe gene on this fragment encoded a 24-kDa protein (M(r) = 23,9…
Inelastic neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy have been used to study a single crystal of the ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$ MnGa shape-memory ferromagnetic Heusler alloy in a wide temperature range above the martensitic phase transformation at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{M}}$=220 K. Significant, though incomplete…
The unifying notion of material force which gathers under one vision all types of driving “forces” on defects and smooth or abrupt inhomogeneities in fracture, defect mechanics, elastodynamics (localized solutions) and allied theories such as in electroelasticity, magnetoelasticity, and the propagation of phase transi…
The method that we have developed [ P-P. Borsboom , Ph.D. dissertation ( Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands); P-P. Borsboom H. J. Frankena , J. Opt. Soc. Am. A12, 1134– 1141 ( 1995)] is successfully applied to a two-dimensional focusing grating coupler. The field in the focal region has been determ…
A method to determine the field scattered by a two-dimensional rectangular grating of finite length is developed. Both periodic or aperiodic and lossy or lossless structures can be treated. The grating is built up as a finite sequence of two alternating types of waveguide sections connected by means of step discontinu…
Phytoplankton collected bimonthly by net during 1991–2 from the Sontecomapan lagoon (12 km long and 1·5 km wide), in the Gulf of Mexico, included four species and several forms of the diatom genus Skeletonema. The spatial and temporal distribution of Skeletonema subsalsum, S. pseudocostatum and S. costatum in the lago…