Mesomorphic molecular materials for electronics, opto-electronics, iono-electronics: Octaalkyl-phthalocyanine derivatives
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The structure of aconitase
The crystal structure of the 80,000 Da Fe-S enzyme aconitase has been solved and refined at 2.1 A resolution. The protein contains four domains; the first three from the N-terminus are closely associated around the [3Fe-4S] cluster with all three cysteine ligands to the cluster being provided by the third domain. Asso…
Oxygen plasma etching for resist stripping and multilayer lithography
Oxygen-based plasmas commonly used in resist stripping and multilayer resist patterning are contrasted to highlight the differences involved in these applications. Mechanisms for polymer etching are reviewed, with particular emphasis on silicon-containing resists proposed for bilayer lithography. While silicon-contain…
Pattern Formation in Liquid Crystals
What does viscous fingering have in common with crystal growth? It is not only the visual similarity of the patterns the two seemingly unrelated phenomena can generate under certain circumstances, but also the same underlying physics which controls both growth processes. The common behaviour - diffusion limited growth…
Plenary Lecture. The blue phases. A review of experiments
We present a review of the experimental aspects of research on the blue phases of chiral liquid crystals. First a general description of blue phases is given and their relation to other important condensed matter problems is mentioned. Experimental proof for the existence of blue phases is followed by a description of…
Localized states in glasses
The properties of amorphous materials determined by the presence of localized atomic and electronic states are reviewed. Experimental data on atomic dynamics in glasses are described. The two-level-system (TLS) model is presented, and the limits of its applicability analysed. The concept of soft atomic potentials, all…
Stable Decagonal Al–Co–Ni and Al–Co–Cu Quasicrystals
A stable decagonal single phase in conventionally solidified Al–Co–Ni and Al–Co–Cu alloys was found to form in each composition range of 15 to 20 at% Co and 10 to 15%Ni or 15 to 20%Cu. Coexisting decagonal and crystalline phases were also formed in conventionally solidified Al70Rh15Ni15 and Al65Rh20Cu15 alloys. The st…
Inorganic phosphate materials
1. General Background of Phosphate Materials (T. Kanazawa). Phosphate Science. History of industrial phosphate materials manufacture. Characteristics of inorganic phosphate materials. Utilization of phosphates as industrial materials. Some problems in phosphate materials research. Phosphate rock - source of phosphates…
A liquid crystal microlens obtained with a non-uniform electric field
A homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystal cell with a hole-patterned electrode and with an indium-tin oxide (ITO-) coated counter-electrode has been prepared. A non-uniform electric field can be produced by the asymmetrical electrode structure. The liquid crystal director can be reoriented by applying a voltage a…
Site-specific Oxidative DNA Damage at Polyguanosines Produced by Copper Plus Hydrogen Peroxide
Oxidative DNA damage has been implicated in diverse biological processes including mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, aging, radiation effects, and chemotherapy. We examined the in vitro effect of low concentrations of Cu(II) or H2O2 alone and in combination on supercoiled plasmid DNA. As much as 10(-2) M Cu(II) or 10(-2) M…
The importance of PHB-synthase substrate specificity in polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis byAlcaligenes eutrophus
Alcaligenes eutrophus can accumulate poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) or polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) containing only 3-hydroxybutyrate (HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) units. Granule-associated PHB-synthase was active with d(−)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and d(−)-3-hydroxyvaleryl-CoA of the range of d(−)- and l(+)-3-hydroxyacyl-C…
Linear viscoelastic behavior of dense hard-sphere dispersions
The complex shear viscosity of sterically stabilized colloidal dispersions of different-sized silica particles (radius a=28--76 nm) was measured with torsion resonators and a nickel-tube resonator between 80 Hz and 200 kHz. The volume fraction of the samples was varied from 0.10 to 0.60. In the intermediate-frequency…
Quantitative Analysis of Brittle Fracture Surfaces Using Fractal Geometry
Fractal geometry is a non‐Euclidean geometry which has been developed to analyze irregular or fractional shapes. In this paper, fracture in ceramic materials is analyzed as a fractal process. This means that fracture is viewed as a self‐similar process. We have examined the fracture surfaces of six different alumina m…
Mechanical properties at the gel point of a crystallizing poly(vinyl chloride) solution
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanical properties at the gel point of a crystallizing poly(vinyl chloride) solutionKlaas Te Nijenhuis and H. Henning WinterCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1, 411–414Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissu…
Sonochemistry - The Use of Ultrasonic Waves in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
All articles of this category The recent evolution of sonochemistry has led to important improvement of various synthetic processes. The generally accepted theoretical interpretation is based on the phenomenon of cavitation, i.e. the creation of bubbles in a liquid medium, which collapse with the liberation of a consi…
Meldola Medal Lecture. Redox responsive macrocyclic receptor molecules containing transition metal redox centres
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Determination of Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins and Nucleic Acids in Solution by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscop
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has evolved over the last decade into a powerful method for determining three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules in solution. Key advances have been the introduction of two-dimensional experiments, high-field superconducting magnets, and computational proc…
Structural and thermodynamic properties of heavily mechanically deformed Ru and AlRu
We report on high-energy ball milling of Ru and AlRu. The deformation results in a drastic decrease of the crystal size to a nanometer scale and in an increase of atomic-level strain. This is accompanied by a disordering of the crystal lattice as is shown by means of the long-range-order parameter in AlRu. The specifi…
Self avoiding surfaces at interfaces
We study the problem of a single self avoiding membrane in the vicinity of a weakly attracting interface. The crossover exponent Φ needed to characterize the adsorption transition is shown to lie in the interval 0.6 < Φ < 0.666. Real space renormalization provides a very good value for the bulk exponent v (∼ 0.8) and…
Electrochemical and XPS evidence of the aqueous formation of Mo 2 O 5
Abstract XPS was employed to detect the surface species deposited on an activated platinum electrode following cathodic polarization in deaerated 0.1 M (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 · 4H 2 O solution. At – 160 mV (saturated calomel electrode, SCE), evidence was found of the possible dissociation of polymolybdate to molybdate wi…