263. Interpenetrating polymer networks. Styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers with two and three interpenetrating networks, and their sulphonates
J. R. Millar, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 1311 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600001311
Materials Literature
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Variation in Ferroelectric Characteristics of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics Due to Minor Chemical Modifications
Lead zirconate titanate ceramics with certain 3- or 5-valent additions (lanthanum, neodynium, tantalum, and niobium) are found to be characterized by low aging of electrical and mechanical properties, a well-defined hysteresis loop, and by high electrical and mechanical losses. Experimental investigations are reported…
Active Sodium and Chloride Transport in the Single Celled Marine Alga Halicystis Ovalis
Abstract The active transports of sodium and chloride ions, between the vacuole and environmental solutions, were measured in the giant coenocyte of the marine alga Halicystis ovalis. Ion fluxes, determined isotopically, of individual single cells were measured by the short‐circuit technique of U ssing and Z erahn (19…
Progress in the stereospecific polymerization
Abstract Results of new research work in the field of polymers with an ordered steric structure, obtained by stereospecific polymerization, are reported. Some of the results concern the relationship between steric structure and crystallinity; from these it results that a regular steric structure is a necessary, but no…
Fermi-Dirac Averages of the Free-Free Hydrogenic Gaunt Factor
A study of the effects of very high electron densities on the absorption of radiation by free-free electron transitions. The absorption coefficient is expressed in terms of a dimensionless quantity known as the Gaunt factor.
Relationship Between Pressure and Moisture Content of Kaolinite, Illite, and Montmorillonite Clays
ABSTRACT High-pressure compaction studies (up to 200,000 psi) were conducted on kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite clays and a natural organic colloid of Iranian origin, gum tragacanth. The remaining moisture content in per cent (dry weight) was plotted versus the logarithm of pressure in psi. For kaolinite clay t…
Elastic Constants of Single Crystal Beryllium
The five independent elastic constants of beryllium have been determined with the pulse echo technique at a frequency of 10 Mc/sec. The values extrapolated to 0°K are C11=29.94±0.06, C33=34.22±0.12, C44=16.62±0.05, C12=2.76±0.08, C13=1.1±0.5 in units of 1011 dyne/cm2. Voigt averaging and Reuss averaging of the single…
The Role of Hydrogen and Other Interstitials in the Mechanical Behavior of Metals
This is the Thirty-fourth Edward De Mille Campbell Memorial Lecture, presented by Alexander R. Troiano, Chairman, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland. The lecture was presented November 4, 1959 during the Forty-first Annual Convention of the American Society for Metals, hel…
Optical properties of thin films
The optical behaviour of a surface carrying a transition layer is discussed, as a problem in scattering. The results are given of the application of electromagnetic theory to the case of a single parallel-sided film. Methods are given for extending this treatment to the case of multiple parallel-sided layers. Both ana…
Measurements of Equilibrium Vacancy Concentrations in Aluminum
Measurements of change in length and change in lattice parameter were made at identical temperatures on 99.995% aluminum in the temperature range 229 to 656\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Length changes, $\ensuremath{\Delta}L$, were measured on an unconstrained horizontal bar sample using a rigid pair of filar m…
Theory of formation of polymer crystals with folded chains in dilute solution
in the free growth rate law is predicted under various assumptions. To the extent that comparison is possible, the predictions given agree with the experimental results obtained by Keller and O'Connor and others on single crystals of unbranched polyethylene grown from dilute solution. A survey is given of homogeneous…
Properties and Structure of Polymers
Abstract not Available.
Embedding in Epoxy Resins for Ultrathin Sectioning in Electron Microscopy
Fixed tissue is dehydrated with tertiary butyl alcohol overnight. The following day it is cleared in toluene, infiltrated and embedded in Araldite resin-hardener-accelerator mixture without dibutyl phthalate, and polymerized at 60° C. More rapid than previous techniques, this method gives blocks which do not fracture…
An electron microscope study of synthetic graphite
Abstract The ultra-microtome has been used to obtain thin sections of synthetic graphite blocks. The thickness of the sections was measured by shadowcasting and measuring the shadow length at appropriate edges. An average value of 150 Å was obtained. Transmission electron micrographs of thin sections showed moire patt…
Electrical Resistivity of Yttrium Single Crystals
Two samples of yttrium cut from the same single crystal were used to determine the electrical resistivity parallel and perpendicular to the $c$-axis of the hexagonal close-packed metal. Measurements were made over the temperature range from 1.3 to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. A large anisotropy was observe…
Interpretation of Magnetic Properties of Dysprosium
Dysprosium is ferromagnetic below 85\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, antiferromagnetic between 85 and 179\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and paramagnetic above 179\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The spontaneous magnetic moment lies always in the basal plane, and there is anisotropy in this plane below…
Saturation Magnetization of Nickel Films of Thickness Less Than 100 A
Nickel films varying in thickness from 200 to 3 A were prepared by evaporation on glass substrates in a vacuum sufficiently high to prevent gas adsorption on the film during preparation and measurement. Their magnetization was measured as a function of field up to 10 000 oe using a vacuum torsion magnetometer. The sat…
On Geoplanides from Brazil
O trabalho presente refere-se principalmente a planárias terrestres coligidas nos Estados de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande do Sul. Entre as espécies já conhecidas são estudadas anatômicamente Geoplana marmorata Fr. Mull., G. mulleri Dies., G. carrièrei Graff e G. ladislavii Graff. G. marginata var. abundans Graff é c…
OBSERVATIONS ON THE SYSTEM ZIRCONIUM IRON
The solubility of iron in zirconium was determined to be between 0.017 and 0.025 wt.% in the alpha -phase. The observation of fine ZrFe/sub 2/ particles in a specimen of 0.012 wt.% Fe alloy quenched from 700 deg C indicates that the solubility drops below this composition at 700 deg C and lower. A singlephase ZrFe/sub…
The Calculation of Electrostatic Electron-gun Performance†
An automatic electron trajectory tracer has been used to analyse four different high current density electron guns operated electrostatically.