Materials Literature
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A study was made of a series of one-layer and two-layer models of graphite surface and especially of interactions in the two-layer models. Seven one-layer models, of increasing size up to seven rings, in the C 6 n 2 H 6 n series were calculated for reference purposes with the Hartree−Fock method. Four two-layer models…
The morphology of monoclinic paracetamol crystals has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Calculations using the computer program HABIT 95 with both DREIDING II and MOMANY force fields predict prismatic forms in which {100}, {001}, {110}, and {201̄} show approximately equivalent morphological impo…
A series of organosilicates were prepared using 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane (BTME) as silica precursor and alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (C n TMACl) surfactants with different chain lengths ( n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) as supramolecular templating materials. 13 C and 29 Si NMR data showed that after surfactant ex…
We report molecular dynamics calculations of the phase transition of copper precipitates in iron. We simulate a precipitate having undergone a phase transition from a bcc structure coherent with the iron matrix to a non-coherent close packed structure, as has been observed experimentally. Analytical tools were develop…
Ferroelectric random access memories (FRAMs®) are nonvolatile integrated circuit memories that store data by using the field switchable polarization state of a ferroelectric material. Besides allowing unique applications, FRAM memories are ideal replacements for standard random access memory, erasable programmable rea…
Macromolecular nanoplatelets of the ferroelectric oxide Bi4Ti3O12 were synthesized by exfoliation reaction for the first time. Formation of the exfoliated nanoplatelets was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
Mullite/SiC composite ceramics were sintered and subjected to three‐point bending of specimens made according to the appropriate JIS standard. A semicircular surface crack 100 to 250 μm in diameter was made on each specimen. We systematically studied crack‐healing behavior and cyclic‐ and static‐fatigue strengths at r…
ABSTRACT: From 5% w/v whey protein isolate (WPI), whey protein/lipid emulsion edible films were produced that were sorbitol‐ or glycerol‐plasticized, containing butterfat (0.2% w/v) or candelilla wax (0.8% w/v). Thermal properties of the films determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed onset temperat…
Abstract Phengite occurring along with carpholite±lawsonite and/or chloritoid in HP–LT domains shows not only variable Si–(Mg+Fe) contents, but also variable interlayer contents (IC). To determine whether these chemical variations are coherently related to variation in P–T conditions on a regional scale, c . 100 rock…
The origin of the sublinear frequency dependence of the ac conductivity is discussed using percolation theory. Different physical bases for calculation in different frequency regimes are discussed. Both the crossover frequencies separating the frequency regimes and the different results for the conductivity are given.…
α-boron is the most simple structure of all boron modifications having one B12 icosahedron per (rhombohedral) unit cell. The conventional, free atom crystal structure refinement with R = 6.2% indicates considerable charge redistribution into covalent bonding. In a high order-low order and multipole refinement the R va…
We cool emulsified liquid water below 130 K at a rate of 103–104 K s−1 at ≈0.5 GPa and vitrify it under pressure. We recover the produced glassy sample at 1 bar and 77 K, and examine it by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and visual observation. We find that the emulsified glassy water, when heated from 77 K at…
Localizing cavitation to the kidney stone in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy may be desirable since cavitation appears to play a major role in both stone comminution and renal tissue damage. A method has been developed to localize and intensify cavitation damage in vitro. Cavitation fields in water were filmed w…
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of plain carbon steel in anaerobic soil was investigated using field survey, the electrochemical polarization technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), a thin-film electrica…
Phthalic acid esters are important additives in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Since PVC plastisoles for the production of wallcoverings contain about 30% phthalic acid esters, it is a crucial question whether these products can contribute to the pollution of the indoor environment. In this study, the emission of…
This review explores piezoelectric ceramics analysis and characterization. The focus is on polycrystalline ceramics; therefore, single crystals, polymeric materials and organic/inorganic composites are outside the scope of this review. To thoroughly grasp the behavior of a piezoelectric polycrystalline ceramic, a basi…
Besides surface chemistry, the surface roughness on the micrometer scale is known to dominate the wetting behavior and the biocompatiblity properties of solid-state materials. The significance of topographic features with nanometer size, however, has yet to be demonstrated. Our approach is based on well-defined Ge nan…
Abstract Ten montmorillonites of different origins with variable Fe contents were analysed using transmission IR spectroscopy. Special attention was devoted to the OH-bending region to obtain information about the distribution of octahedral cations. For low to medium Fe contents (≤0.56 per Si 8 formula unit), a linear…
A time-resolved SANS method was developed for the determination of unimer exchange kinetics of polymeric micelles under equilibrium conditions. Measurements were performed on the system PEP-PEO/DMF exploiting the large difference in scattering length density of protonated and deuterated species. In contrast to theoret…
One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have numerous potential applications in science and engineering. Nanocomposites made of nanowires, such as carbon nanotubes, are likely to decrease material’s density and increase its strength,[1] which are of critical importance to space technology. To investigate the uniqueness of…