A softer view of hardening
John R. Hughes, M.D., Thomas H. Brandon, Ph.D.; A softer view of hardening, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 5, Issue 6, 1 December 2003, Pages 961–962, http
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On the powder diffraction pattern of crystals with stacking faults
The so-called direct solution of the powder diffraction pattern for a faulted layered crystal is discussed. It is shown how, in the general case, peak profiles can be split into a symmetric and an antisymmetric component. The relationships between peak profile parameters and the underlying faulting structure, as given…
Cure Characteristics and Physicomechanical Properties of Calcium Carbonate Reinforcement Rubber Composites
Cure characteristics and physicomechanical properties of calcium carbonate,CaCO3, reinforced rubbers (NR, NBR) were studied. Minimum torque, maximumminimumtorque, cure rate and the scorch and cure time of the prepared rubbercompounds were assessed by using a Monsanto Oscillating Disc Rheometer (ODR-100). Stress and st…
Study of the dehydration process of vermiculites by applying a vacuum pressure: formation of interstratified phases
Abstract Structural transformations between the different hydration states of three vermiculite samples from Sta. Olalla (Huelva, Spain), Paulistana (Piaui, Brasil) and West China, have been observed by X-ray diffraction at atmospheric pressure, P = 1.4 x 10 –2 mbar and P = 2.4 x 10 –4 mbar. The samples were studied i…
Molecular dynamics studies of displacement cascades in the uranium dioxide matrix
In the context of studies on long-time storage of irradiated spent fuel, molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out in order to understand the physical phenomena, on the atomic scale, linked to modifications and damage that the uranium dioxide structure undergoes during α-decay irradiation in repository cond…
Crystallization of poly(butylene terephthalate)
Abstract This article provides a thorough analysis of the crystallization process of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). Isothermal crystal growth rates have been experimentally measured between 459 and 491 K, and analyzed according to the Hoffman and Lauritzen theory. A II–III regime transition occurs at 484 K, accom…
Reliability-constrained area optimization of VLSI power/ground networks via sequence of linear programmings
This paper presents a new method of sizing the widths of the power and ground routes in integrated circuits so that the chip area required by the routes is minimized subject to electromigration and IR voltage drop constraints. The basic idea is to transform the underlying constrained nonlinear programming problem into…
NH2-Terminated Poly(ethylene oxide) Containing Nanosized NiO Particles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structural Considerations
Highly concentrated nanosized NiO particles have been prepared by means of vacuum evaporation of Ni on NH 2 -terminated poly(ethylene oxide) matrix film and subsequent purification by removal of a part of the matrix which was soluble in ethanol. TEM observation revealed that the purified composites contain uniformly d…
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Thin Films of Barium Titanate Ceramic Nano‐Tubes at 200°C
A novel, low‐temperature synthesis method for producing BaTiO 3 thin films patterned in the form of nano‐tubes (“honeycomb”) on Ti substrates is reported. In this two‐step method, the Ti substrate is first anodized to produce a surface layer (∼200–300‐nm thickness) of amorphous titanium oxide nano‐tube (∼100‐nm diamet…
Non-adiabatic small polaron hopping conduction in sodium borate tungstate glasses
The dc electrical conductivity of (100−x)Na2B4O7−xWO3 (x = 5, 15, 20 and 30 mol%) glasses is reported in the temperature range 323–473 K. The density and molar volume for these glasses are consistent with the ionic size, atomic weight and amount of different elements in the glasses. At high temperatures the Mott model…
Fabrication of Microcellular Ceramics Using Gaseous Carbon Dioxide
A microcellular ceramic with cell densities >10 9 cells/cm 3 and cells <10 μm was made with a preceramic mixture of polycarbosilane and polysiloxane. The preceramic compact was saturated with gaseous CO 2 , a large number of cells were nucleated and grown by using a thermodynamic instability induced by a rapid p…
New Aspects of Impact Reactivity of Polynitro Compounds, Part III. Impact Sensitivity as a Function of the Imtermolecular Interactions
Abstract Published data of impact sensitivity of 33 polynitro compounds detected by sound were expressed as the drop energy, E dr , required for 50 percent initiation probability. A logarithmic relationship has been found between the E dr values and heats of fusion of the said compounds. The relationship has been foun…
A Density Functional Theory Investigation of Fe−N−O Bonding in Heme Proteins and Model Systems
We report the results of a series of density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the Mössbauer quadrupole splittings and isomer shifts in NO heme model compounds, together with the results of calculations of the Mössbauer quadrupole splittings, isomer shifts, and electron paramagnetic resonance hyperfine coupling…
Synthesis of Periodic Mesoporous Phenylenesilica under Acidic Conditions with Novel Molecular Order in the Pore Walls
High-quality phenyl-bridged organosilicas (p6mm) were prepared under acidic conditions using nonionic alkyl poly(oxyethylene) oligomers as structure-directing agents. In addition to the long-range order of the pore system, these materials exhibited a novel molecular order of the phenylene rings within the pore walls d…
Chalcogenide memory arrays: characterization and radiation effects
The chalcogenide material used for phase-change applications in rewritable optical storage (Ge/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 5/) has been integrated with a 0.5-/spl mu/m radiation-hardened CMOS process to produce 64-Kbit memory arrays. On selected arrays, electrical testing demonstrated up to 100% memory cell yield, 100-ns pr…
Grain‐Growth Behavior during Stepwise Sintering of Barium Titanate in Hydrogen Gas and Air
To study the effect of oxygen partial pressure on grain growth in BaTiO 3 , TiO 2 ‐excess samples have been sintered in air with and without a prior H 2 heat treatment. Without prior H 2 treatment, abnormal grain growth occurs below and above the eutectic temperature ( T e ). An introduction of H 2 treatment before ai…
Negative refraction, growing evanescent waves, and sub-diffraction imaging in loaded transmission-line metamaterials
We present an analytical formulation that shows the negative refraction of propagating waves and the growth of evanescent waves within a negative refractive index (NRI) lens made of a periodically L, C loaded transmission-line (TL) network, referred to as the dual-TL structure. A transformation known as the "array sca…
Study of Ag/SiO2 Nanosystems by XPS
Silica-supported silver nanocomposites were synthesized by rf sputtering of Ag from Ar plasmas. Depositions were performed on amorphous silica substrates at temperatures as low as 60 °C. As a general rule, a careful choice of the synthesis conditions allowed the obtainment of Ag/SiO2 nanosystems with well-tailored che…
Changes in Aging Behavior and Defect Structure of Yttria‐Fully‐Stabilized ZrO 2 with Sc 2 O 3 Doping
Methods of suppressing decreased conductivity in 8 mol% Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized–92 mol% ZrO 2 (8YSZ) with aging were investigated. Different amounts of Sc 2 O 3 were doped into 8YSZ. The electrochemical properties of Sc 2 O 3 ‐doped 8YSZ were measured, and the microstructural and local structural changes were characterize…
A Further Study on the Mechanism of Airdecking
Airdecking is used in mining for two quite different applications. One is to enhance the fragmentation by amplifying the induced fracturing and the second is for pre-split blasting in which the borehole fracturing is reduced. This paper deals with the first of these effects. A forth coming paper will describe pre-spli…