Materials Literature
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The electrooptic coefficients ra = r33 − (n2/n3)3 r23, rb = r33, − (n1/n3)3 r13 and rc = r13 − (n2/n1)3 r23, of Rb,ZnCl4 for light propagation directions along the three crystallographic axes a, b, and c are measured in the temperature range from 100 to 220 K (ni, i = 1, 2, 3, indices of refraction). In the incommensu…
High-pressure studies have shown that $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{Ta}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ crystals with small $x(\ensuremath{\approx}0.02)$ exhibit relaxational glasslike behavior rather than a static ferroelectric structural phase transition as previously thought. The results show a pressure…
The magnetic phase diagram for the system CoxNi1−xMnGe (0 ≦ x ≦ 1.0) is determined by ac susceptibility measurements under pressure up to 1.5 GPa. The temperature of the magnetic phase transition behaves similarly for all compounds examined: increasing external pressure causes the Néel or Curie temperatures to increas…
High-precision measurements of the in-plane resistivity of graphite have been made in a dilution refrigerator down to 20 mK. Below 5 K, the resistivity varies as a quadratic function of temperature, behavior consistent with the electron-hole scattering mechanism. The strength of the interaction is in good agreement wi…
Existing data on Na-rare gas and rare gas–rare gas dimer potentials have been used in a computer program to simulate the formation of trapping sites for Na atoms isolated in Ar and Xe solids. The dimer potentials have also been employed to calculate the matrix perturbed energy-level structure of the Na atoms to obtain…
X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) analysis were used independently to investigate the interface reaction of Cu-Al thin-film bilayers during in situ annealing in the temperature range 157–220 °C. The growth kinetics of the θ-CuAl2 phase were measured and were found to follow a diffusion limited proc…
Diffraction properties of dielectric surface-relief gratings were investigated by solving Maxwell’s equations numerically using the differential method. The diffraction efficiency of a grating with a groove depth about twice as deep as the grating period is comparable with the efficiency of a volume phase grating. Die…
Explicit solutions for the Brazovskii-Kirova continuum model of cis-polyacetylene are presented for the following three configurations: two polarons, two bipolarons, and a polaron and a bipolaron coexisting on a single chain. The results show that two polarons attract each other with a long-range potential reflecting…
A relatively simple technique has been developed to calibrate particle- and droplet-sizing instruments manufactured by Malvern and other similar Fraunhofer diffraction particle-sizing instruments. Measurements of standard reticles using an instrument calibrated in this manner demonstrate the effectiveness of the proce…
In light of new experimental observations, a mechanism for the photogeneration of charge carriers in trans-polyacetylene is presented. By way of introduction, we discuss the qualitative changes in the picture of charged-solition photogeneration that are expected due to the inclusion of electron correlation effects. In…
Above a few hundred eV kinetic energy, Auger electrons and photoelectrons exhibit strong forward scattering by overlying atoms, and this produces intensity peaks at polar and azimuthal angles corresponding to internuclear axes. This provides a new structural probe which is especially useful for studying epitaxy, surfa…
High resolution core level photoemission spectroscopy has been used to obtain the first direct identification of the chemical species remaining on silicon surfaces after exposure to fluorine. Both Si(111) 2×1 and Si(111) 7×7 were exposed to fluorine via the dissociative chemisorption of XeF2. For fluorine coverages in…
We discuss two mechanisms proposed to explain dc switching of a bistable liquid-crystal boundary layer display. These are (1) biasing by double layer fields that arise from charge of one sign preferentially adsorbed at the walls, and (2) asymmetry in the transient depletion layer fields which result from a difference…
A theory of relaxation (the time-dependent change of macroscopic properties) of nonpolymeric viscous liquids and glasses is presented. The fluid is described by a set of quasiequilibrium structures, and a master equation gives the transitions among these structures. Any structural change is presumed to require a coope…
Detailed and fully consistent calculations of absorption and resonant Raman scattering spectra from trans-${(\mathrm{CH})}_{x}$ have been performed by using a bimodal Gaussian distribution centered on short and long segments which form the trans-${(\mathrm{CH})}_{x}$ chain. Such results are in good agreement with the…
The electrical resistivity of metallic thin films due to the scattering of conduction electrons with rough surfaces and with a random distribution of static impurities within the film is calculated here quantum mechanically using Mori's formalism. The detailed profiles of the surfaces enter into our theory through the…
We have employed the techniques of photoelectron spectroscopy (with tunable synchrotron radiation $30\ensuremath{\le}h\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\le}100$ eV) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy at $h\ensuremath{\nu}=9.7$ eV to study respectively the occupied and unoccupied electronic states of $n$-type ${\mathrm{S…
Electroluminescence from metal-insulator-semiconductor structures with silicon dioxide (SiO2) layers containing varying amounts of excess silicon (Si) in the form of tiny Si precipitates have been studied in detail. Bulk insulator emission from the Si islands is shown to dominate over emission from either the SiO2 mat…
Scatterings of near-zone-boundary phonons by isotopic disorder in diatomic GaAs InSb crystals are studied theoretically. In multiatomic lattices the scattering rate depends importantly on the vibrational amplitudes of constituent atoms. We find that the wave-vector dependences of these amplitudes, which are predicted…
We present a new method of electrochemical polymerization of poly(thiophene) using dithiophene as the starting material, from which we obtain a high-quality film with a sharp interband absorption edge. An in situ study of the absorption spectrum during the electrochemical doping process has been carried out. In the di…