Materials Literature
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The Pt(5,5′-Me2bpy)(CN)2 complex (5,5′-Me2bpy = 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) displays intense photoluminescence in fluid solution (emission maximum, 502 nm; τ0, 6.3 µs) at room temperature; the excited ππ* triplet of Pt(5,5′-Me2bpy)(CN)2 is a powerful one-electron oxidant (E∘, ∼1.0V) and reductant (E∘≤–1.5V vs. AgNO…
Abstract Limited space permits description of only two examples of Kevlar applications research. There are numerous others. In the early product development there were some indications that Kevlar would go mainly into tire reinforcement. This has turned out not to be true. In the mid‐seventies Kevlar was participating…
Grain refinement effect in Ti-doped Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys has been studied using microscopic and microanalytical methods. Titanium is found to decrease as-cast grain size and reduce grain coarsening rate during betatization/homogenization heating but does not affect much on large grain refinement during hot wor…
The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and ellipsometry have been used to study directly the movement of ions and solvent into/out of electroactive polymer films. The systems studied were polyvinylferrocene (PVF), polybithiophene (PBT) and polythionine (PTh). The overall mass changes accompanying oxida…
The effectiveness of phthalocyanines as acid corrosion inhibitors for steel were studied. Water soluble tetrasulfophthalocyanines are very poor corrosion inhibitors. Water insoluble tetraaminophthalocyanines serve as better corrosion inhibitors than the water soluble ones when the metal surface is coated with an adsor…
The temperature dependence of the thermoelectric power of the semiconducting bismuth-vanadate glasses was presented in a range of compositions. The high-temperature thermoelectric power was satisfactorily explained by Heikes’ relation [R. R. Heikes and R. W. Ure, Eds., Thermoelectricity (Interscience, New York, 1961),…
The Blake threshold is encompassed in most theoretical models of transient acoustic cavitation. Previously, this threshold has been calculated for a bubble having constant surface tension. However, such a bubble is unstable against dissolution and is not a realistic model for a cavitation nucleus. In this article, the…
Abstract Room‐temperature and low‐temperature (10 K) Raman spectra of a single crystal NaH 2 PO 4 were obtained for various polarizations. The polarization characteristics of the Raman spectra remained unchanged throughout the whole temperature range studied. This confirms that there is no phase transition in this cry…
The magnetic properties of Sm/sub 2/(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)/sub 17/ magnets were improved by increasing the Fe content without raising the Zr content. With increasing Fe content, the remanence rises monotonically while the intrinsic coercive force drops sharply for 0.27>
A theory of electro-optic and elasto-optic effects in the blue phases of cholesteric liquid crystals is developed. The case of small structure deformations and a weak field is considered: |E| ⋛ E c, where E e is the critical field for the cholesteric-nematic transition. The theory explains all of the main experimental…
Abstract Secondary nucleation in industrial crystallizers depends on both supersaturation and mechanical stress by stirring. Most models which consider mechanical stress assume that nucleation is proprotional to the energy transferred to the crystals during collisions. This is not based on any physical relationship an…
The article reviews the state of knowledge of the action and effect of beating on chemical pulps. The view is put forward that the problem is so complex that researchers have been tempted to oversimplify it, but some of these simplifications now may represent a barrier to progress. New approaches incorporating newly d…
Abstract Modern analytical methods for the investigation of surfaces have been greatly improved during the last decade, and the number of instruments offered by manufacturers has increased accordingly. In this article, four of the most frequently applied methods are discussed, with emphasis on those which have found w…
The deformation of liquid crystalline blue phases BPI and BPII under the influence of a weak electric field is studied for systems with negative dielectric anisotropy. For the initially cubic structures of these materials, the interplanar spacings in the field direction were found to increase or to decrease in the fie…
The benzoid amine, quinoid imine, and protonated nitrogen structures in polyaniline can be quantitatively differentiated in the properly deconvoluted N 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X.P.S.) core-level spectrum.
A series of Cu-Ni alloys, containing 30–90%Cu, has been studied in natural sea water using electrochemical methods, free corrosion tests, and X-ray diffraction. With the alloys containing 90 and 70%Cu simultaneous dissolution of both components with copper redeposition was observed. With those containing 50 and 30% Cu…
Abstract
This literature review is intended to give some general guidelines on corrosion testing of metals and alloys for marine applications, in particular with regard to the choice of the test environment. The general chemical properties of sea water are discussed and compared with those of coastal and/or polluted sea water,…
The use of design criteria for assessing the stresses to which composite dielectric structures are subjected implies careful and informed application. The convention required in the application of these criteria is examined in the light of the physical processes expected in an oil/cellulose transformer structure and r…
High densities of inert gas bubbles can be produced in metals by ion implantation or nuclear transmutations. At low temperatures, these bubbles grow by repeated emission of prismatic dislocation loops. An analysis is presented for loop punching considering the effects of the stress fields between bubbles and the prese…