Materials Literature
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A mathematical model is described for continuous leader inception and breakdown of long gaps under positive switching impulses with critical time-to-crest. The model deals with rod, sphere, and conductor-plane gaps. It provides novel analytical expressions for continuous leader inception voltage, height of the final j…
The most successful texture control has been achieved in the production of grain oriented silicon steels. This paper reviews the historical background and current knowledge of texture control for ensuring the high performance of the Goss oriented silicon steel sheets. Special emphasis is placed on the important contri…
Excretion from the marine diatom Chaetoceros affinis was investigated in batch cultures. The rates of release of carbohydrates and amino acids per cell were higher in rapidly growing cells than in stationary phase cells. However, because photosynthesis per cell decreased significantly during nutrient depletion, excret…
The first twelve members of three new mesogenic homologous series have been characterized, each of which are composed of molecules possessing lateral alkyl chains. The n-alkyl 2,5-bis-(4-n-hexyloxy-benzoyloxy)-benzoates are purely nematic whereas both nematic and smectic behaviour is observed for the 4-cyano-4′-biphen…
Marine diatoms are shown to have on average one order of magnitude less silica per unit of biovolume than freshwater species. Silica content (pmol cell −1 ) increases linearly with biovolume ( µ m 3 ) in both marine (1og 10 [silica content] = 0.91 log 10 [biovolume] — 3.16; r = 0.92; P < 0.0001; N = 44) and freshwa…
A procedure for intercalating layered double hydroxides is described:power X-ray diffraction, i.r., and thermogravimmetric measurements confirm that for sebacic acid, toluene-p-sulphonic acid, and dodecyl sulphate intercalation takes place and results in gallery heights of 11.5,12.2, and 8.4 Å respectively.
A new electrooptic mode of operation of ferroelectric chiral smectic C liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is proposed and demonstrated. The effect, which is called the deformed helical ferroelectric (DHF) effect, is based on the deformation of the helical structure by weak electric fields. In the unbiased device the smect…
In this paper we consider the Cahn-Hilliard mathematical continuum model of spinodal decomposition (or phase separation) of a binary alloy. The phenomenological model is derived in section one. The existence theory for the Cahn-Hilliard equation is reviewed in section two. Various aspects and generalizations are surve…
The adsorption of CO on partially reduced CeO2[CeO2(573-H) and CeO2(673-H), CeO2 reduced in H2 at 573 and 673 K for 1 h, respectively] has been studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (F.t.i.r.). The observation of formate species (771, 1329, 1369, 1558, 1587, 2852 and 2945 cm–1) formed by the reaction of C…
After the performance of clothing fabric in use has been satisfied to some extent, consumers seek better-quality, that is, more comfortable, fabrics. Fabric performance in relation to ‘better fitting to the human body’ is an essential requirement of clothing materials. From the mechanical-comfort viewpoint, textile pr…
The hydrodynamic force resisting the relative motion of two unequal drops moving along their line of centers is determined for Stokes flow conditions. The drops are assumed to be in near-contact and to have sufficiently high interfacial tension that they remain spherical. The squeeze flow in the narrow gap between the…
The TMEH Desk Edition presents a unique collection of manufacturing information in one convenient source. Contains selected information from TMEH Volumes 1-5--over 1,200 pages of manufacturing information. A total of 50 chapters cover topics such as machining, forming, materials, finishing, coating, quality control, a…
This book gives a rather exhaustive list of isotropy subgroups of the 230 crystallographic space groups. The symmetry changes for the vast majority of observed phase transitions in crystalline solids can be found in the list. With each entry, information is given concerning both physical and abstract characteristics o…
The author provides a comprehensive review of the basic charge simulation method and its various modified versions reported in the literature. Applications of the charge simulation method, alone as well as in combination with other methods, are considered. Different aspects of this method are critically examined and i…
History of shaped charges applications the Gurney velocity approximation shaped charge jet formation the visco-plastic jet formation theory comments on explosive welding, bonding and forming the breakup of shaped charge jets shaped charge jet penetration models other aspects of shaped charges computational aspects of…
Crystallization conditions for hen egg white lysozyme in the presence of various ions were determined at pH 4.5 and 18 degrees C. The corresponding solubility curves show that the main effects are due to anions in the following order: SCN- greater than NO3- greater than Cl- greater than citrate2- greater than CH3COO-…
The nature of low-pressure glow-discharge plasma, plasma equipment, and the effect of plasma on materials is reviewed. Examples are given of the improved adhesive bonding of polymers after plasma treatment (2–10 times improvement in lap-shear) and of the surface cleaning and chemical modification that occurs during pl…
The response times and operating voltages of light shutters formed from polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) have been studied experimentally and the results compared with calculations based on non-sperhically shaped nematic droplet models. The experiments were performed on light shutters with elongated and unifo…
Tissue biocompatibility of cellulose and its derivatives was examined in two in vivo tests, one for absorbance by living tissue and one for foreign body reaction. The samples examined were regenerated celluloses and cellulose derivatives: methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, aminoethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose,…
1. An Introduction to Textile Structures and Their Behaviour (F. Scardino). 2. Mechanics of Yarn and Nonwoven Fabrics (J.W.S. Hearle). 3. Nonlinear Mechanics of Woven and Knitted Materials (S. Kawabata). 4. Triaxially Braided Materials for Composites (J. Skelton). 5. Three-dimensional Fabrics for Composites (F. Ko). 6…