Materials Literature
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Effects of rising and falling stress intensity factor (K) profiles on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) growth rates of stainless steel and nickel alloys has been studied in high-temperature water. Sophisticated test control software was used that changes loading (P) based on crack length (a) to achieve a specific K…
Abstract Silicone rubber is suitable for the thermal insulator of the rocket motors owing to its heat resisting properties as well as its excellent elasticity and restoring force. However, the adhesion properties of the silicone rubber should be improved greatly to be used as the thermal insulator because of its poor…
Plant monofunctional aspartate kinase is unique among all aspartate kinases, showing synergistic inhibition by lysine and S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM). The Arabidopsis genome contains three genes for monofunctional aspartate kinases. We show that aspartate kinase 2 and aspartate kinase 3 are inhibited only by lysine,…
Big or small, AOT can do it all! In nature, silica formation occurs at neutral to slightly acidic pH conditions with structural control over multiple length scales. Polyamine-containing emulsions and micelles are thought to play an active role in directing the growth of these structures. To mimic this process, silicic…
This paper presents an overview of the results obtained in recent investigations of the control over the helical pitch under irradiation and the use of these data for the design of compact broadband tunable lasers based on dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals. It is demonstrated that a reversible change in the lasing…
We report extensive Monte Carlo and event-driven molecular dynamics simulations of the fluid and liquid phase of a primitive model for silica recently introduced by Ford et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 121, 8415 (2004)]. We evaluate the isodiffusivity lines in the temperature-density plane to provide an indication of the shape…
Abstract Summary: Covalent surface functionalization of carbon nanotubes with polypeptides is promising for possible medical applications. This work presents a graft‐from approach to perform the polypeptide modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The raw MWNTs are first amine‐functionalized. The amine‐fu…
The changes in the structure and composition of vapor-deposited ice films irradiated at 20 K with soft x-ray photons (3-900 eV) and their subsequent evolution with temperatures between 20 and 150 K have been investigated by near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) at the oxygen K edge. We observ…
We observed that weakly and strongly rubbed polyvinyl-cinnamate surfaces align liquid crystal films perpendicular and parallel to the rubbing direction, respectively. Surface-specific sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy was used to probe molecular orientations and alignments of the rubbed surfaces and provide a mol…
The structures of nanocrystalline fibrous powders of refractory oxides have been investigated by different methods: determination of coherent-scattering regions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). The sizes of nanograins of different crystalli…
Electrochemical equipment, which enables one to study the processes of underground corrosion under conditions of differential aeration of soils, with no limitation of the experiment duration at a fixed position of the interface boundary and controlled moisture content, is developed. The character and rate of the corro…
Abstract A rational method to control morphology of polymer nanofibers produced by electrospinning is developed using dimensional analysis of the electrospinning process. The analysis is validated against data sets from the literature, which provides an empirical correlation between fiber size, controllable operating…
Three-dimensional band structure of unoccupied and occupied states of the prototype layered material ${\mathrm{TiTe}}_{2}$ is determined focusing on the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}A$ line of the Brillouin zone. Dispersions and lifetimes of the unoccupied states, acting as the final states in the photoemission process, are de…
The theoretical fundamentals of extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy are discussed. This method makes it possible to obtain short-range order parameters for multicomponent amorphous and quasicrystalline media with a high accuracy. Methods of analysis of EXAFS spectra with allowance for the eff…
Abstract Summary: Polyurethane (PU) films with low water contact angle hysteresis (CAH) were prepared by employing less than 0.2 wt.‐% of mono‐ or bihydroxyl‐functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of 60–70 DMS repeat units. A Si content of as low as 0.03 wt.‐% was sufficient to lead to a CAH of 20°. The curing tem…
Abstract Summary: Six new soluble conjugated polymers are described, which were prepared by Stille and Heck polycondensation reactions. They alternately consist of dialkylated 1,4‐diketo‐3,6‐diphenyl‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (DPP) units and divinylbenzene or thiophene‐based units. The polymers were prepared from 1,4‐dike…
Abstract Summary: Two types of spherulites, extinction‐ring and Maltese‐cross, in poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA) were identified, isolated, and separately characterized using DSC and polarized‐light optical microscopy (POM). Ring‐band spherulites in PEA occurred only in a very narrow temperature range roughly between 25…
The interactions between small gold oxide cluster anions, Au(2,3)O-(n) (n=1-5), and CO were investigated in a fast-flow reactor mass spectrometer, and experimental results were verified with a guided ion beam mass spectrometer. Density functional calculations along with molecular dynamics simulations were also utilize…
A superhydrophobic surface exhibiting a water-droplet contact angle of ca. 157° (see figure left) is generated from the self assembly of nanoscale clay platelets with attached fatty amine chains. The anionic high-aspect-ratio platelets self-align upon modification with the alkyl organics to form rough surfaces exhibit…
Shipshape: Mesoporous silica nanocubes and spheroids with controllable bimodal size distributions were synthesized within a colloidal crystal template by using a weak acid catalyst to effect the disassembly of an inverse opal silica skeleton. The shaped nanoparticles could be replicated by nanocasting to obtain carbon…