Materials Literature
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As foaming appears as a problem in chemical and fermentation processes that inhibits reactor performance, the eminence of a novel fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon unsymmetrical bolaform (FHUB: OH(CH2)11N+(C2H4)2(CH2)2(CF2)5CF3 I-) surfactant as an antifoaming agent as well as a foam-reducing agent was investigated and compare…
Abstract Phosphorus‐doped diamond films were grown by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition using organophosphorus gases, tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) and trimethylphosphine (TMP). The electronic properties are characterized based on secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Hall‐effect, and cathodoluminescence measurement…
Theoretical guidance, provided by quantum and statistical mechanical calculations, has aided the recent realization of electro-optic coefficients of greater than 300 pm/V (at 1.3 microns wavelength). This articles attempts to provide physical insight into those recent results and to explore avenues for the further imp…
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely applied for the chemical characterization of surfaces and multilayers of thin films. In order to obtain quantitative results, XPS peak areas generally are divided by sensitivity factors and normalized to 100at.% to obtain so-called raw concentrations. For homogeneous ma…
In situ secondary electron microscope (SEM) characterizations were carried out to study electromigration failure mechanism in dual-damascene Cu interconnect tree structures, which are important for reliability assessment as well as design optimizations of on-chip interconnects. Direct evidence of electromigration-indu…
Abstract A biochemical method to immobilize DNA on synthetic diamond for biosensor applications is developed. Nanocrystalline diamond is grown using microwave plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition. On the hydrogen‐terminated surface 10‐undecenoic acid is tethered photochemically under 254 nm illumination, followe…
It is well known by far that biological organisms could exhibit sophisticated optical system, which compete or overcame the top technology products available. The diatoms are microscopic algae enclosed in intricate amorphous silica cells, called frustules. In this work the optical reflectivity data, infrared spectrosc…
Triboluminescence (TL) is the emission of light due to crystal fracture and has been known for centuries. One of the most common examples of TL is the flash created from chewing wintergreen Lifesavers. Since 2003, the authors have been measuring triboluminescent properties of phosphors, of which zinc sulfide doped wit…
Hybrid refractive-diffractive optics are widely used in infrared systems, but their performance is limited by reduced diffraction efficiency away from the design wavelength. Two techniques are currently being investigated to improve broadband efficiency; dual-layer blaze structures and blazed-binary optics. This paper…
Non-bioadhesive, fully biodegradable soluble polymers would be very instrumental in advanced biomedical applications, such as gene and drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, rational development of such materials is hindered by the complexity of macromolecule interactions with biological milieu. The prevalence…
There is a critical need for high bandwidth, high availability free-space optical communication links between the battlefield and the global information grid. Compact large aperture transceivers with low size, weight and power (SWaP) are needed to initiate and maintain communication links involving airborne platforms.…
The structural ordering of mesogenic-terminated carbosilane dendrimers within surface monolayers was studied. We have shown that despite their symmetrical spherical shape layering with average spacing close to 6 nm is observed for dendrimers with butoxyphenylbenzoate terminal groups deposited on hydrophilic silicon su…
To examine the mechanisms of electron injection to TiO2 in retinoic acid (RA) and carotenoic acids (CAs), including RA5, CA6, CA7, CA8, CA9, and CA11 having the number of conjugated double bonds n = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11, respectively, their subpicosecond time-resolved absorption spectra were recorded free in solution…
Electric field induced resistance switching has been investigated for perovskite-oxide heterojunctions consisting of various metal electrodes and <i>p</i>-type or <i>n</i>-type semiconducting perovskite oxides such as Pr<sub>0.7</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> or Nb-doped SrTiO<sub>3</sub>, respectively. The meta…
The oxygen isotope effect on the soft-mode dynamics in quantum paraelectric $\mathrm{SrTi}{(^{18}\mathrm{O}_{x}^{16}\mathrm{O}_{1\ensuremath{-}x})}_{3}$ [STO18-$x$] is investigated by Raman scattering in terms of local symmetry breaking in the paraelectric phase. The exchange rates $x$ of the $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ atoms a…
The low frequency relaxation times ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\Vert}}$, which characterize the flip-flop molecular motions in liquid crystalline phases, recently determined in high-pressure experiments for eight liquid crystalline substances, were reanalyzed considering a relation proposed for the glass-forming…
The significance of a negative dielectric constant has long been recognized. We report here the observation of a field-induced large negative dielectric constant of aggregates of oxide nano-particles at frequencies below ~ 1 Hz at room temperature. The accompanying induced charge detected opposes the electric field ap…
In his Perspective, Pusey discusses papers by Alsayed and de Villeneuve in this week9s issue that examine the processes of melting and freezing. The movement of particles can be followed by video microscopy while thermosensitive colloidal particles are melted by temperature manipulation. Melting begins heterogeneously…
The morphologies of a 3-miktoarm star terpolymer of isoprene (I), styrene (S), and dimethylsiloxane (D), 3μ-ISD, and its blends with PDMS and PS homopolymers, having a lower molecular weight than the corresponding blocks of the star, were studied. Combined EF-TEM and 3D electron tomography clearly revealed that three…
We analyze the Blume-Emery-Griffiths-Capel model with disordered interaction that displays the inverse freezing phenomenon. The behavior of this spin-1 model in crystal field is studied throughout the phase diagram, and the transition lines are computed using the full replica symmetry breaking ansatz. We compare the r…