Materials Literature
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The feasibility of separation of impurities in refined bismuth and sulphur deleadization with vacuum distillation was studied theoretically. Experimental studies on sulphur deleadization were carried out under vacuum. The influences of amount of sulphur, distillation temperature, vacuum degree and distillation time on…
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powders with various chlorine (Cl) contents (49.5, 56.7, 64.0 and 69.5%) were mixed with NaOH pellets at a different Na/Cl molar ratio, and the mixture was ground in air by a planetary ball mill in order to investigate the mechanochemical (MC) dechlorination. The MC reaction formed NaCl and pa…
The inception of cavitation is basically caused by a bubble nucleus which flows into the low pressure region in liquid flow. Therefore the phenomenon is dependent on the tensile strength or the nuclei concentration of tested water. In the present paper, to establish a measurement method of cavitation susceptibility us…
Intriduction Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), based on an oxide ion conducting electrolyte, offer a clean, low-pollution technology to electrochemically generate electricity at high efficiencies. These fuel cells provide many advantages including high efficiency, reliability, modularity, fuel adaptability, and very low…
The effect of a partial vacuum environment, simulative of a typical spin-pit test atmosphere, on the high temperature crack growth behavior of two nickel-base superalloys was examined. Under constant amplitude loading, the partial vacuum typically reduced the crack propagation rate in one alloy while an increase in gr…
In order for the Greek magnesia industry to retain a high position in the world market, the basic refractories derived from Greek magnesite must remain at the forefront of the international developments. A mineralogical study of magnesia materials produced from Evian magnesite has been carried out with the aim a) to p…
Schottky diodes based on Al/polyaniline (PANI), electrodeposited by cyclic voltammetry (CV) with two different upper oxidation potentials, 0.8 and 1.1 V, respectively, were fabricated. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) confirms the presence of hydrolysis products of PANI, benzoquinone (BQ)/hydroquinone (HQ) for PANI f…
Unusual polydispersive dielectric response of undiluted Cd2Nb2O7 pyrochlore between 100 Hz to 6 MHz and 77 to 300 K is reported. Below TC ≈ 198 K, the relaxation typical of (i) a normal ferroelectric (FE), (ii) a relaxor FE with glassy behaviour, and (iii) a dipolar glass develop in the system. Based on a weak bonding…
Non-destructive techniques for the measurement of residual stresses provide a potential means of qualifying overheated railway wheels, thereby reducing the risk of wheel failures. An ultrasonic method, based on the acousto-elastic effect, is now accepted by the European railway industry for qualification of wheels at…
AIM: To study the synergistic effects of calmodulin (CaM) antagonist O-4-ethoxyl-butyl-berbamine (EBB) and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) on hepatoma-22 (H(22)) in vivo. METHODS: Hepatoma model was established in 50 Balb/c mice by inoculating H(22) cells (2.5 x 10(6)) subcutaneously into the right backs of the…
In this work we use the Q-tensor order parameter to express the elastic free energy of a nematic liquid crystal. This correctly preserves the +n/−n symmetry and thus allows the modelling of defects. Using this, we calculate director profiles for cells containing surface relief gratings. Director profiles are presented…
The conductivity of three thulium (Tm) salts has been studied in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 298 K. has strong electrolyte properties in DMSO. Cyclic voltammetry has been used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the ion in 0.01 mol L −1 -0.1 mol L −1 -DMSO system on the Pt electrode at 299 K. The experiment…
The usual algorithm of the structure factor calculation, which is widely used for amorphous metals and amorphous semiconductors, cannot be applied to a number of amorphous metal oxides. Instead, we have developed a new algorithm based on the middle line method. It uses analytical properties of the structure factor and…
A theory of 90° domain walls in tetragonal ferroelectrics is proposed. It is argued that the depolarizing field discerns the stable head-to-tail wall from the unstable head-to-head wall energetically. The relation between the free energy function and the effect of the depolarizing field is discussed.
Change in cohesive energies in a non-stoichiometric Ni9Mn3Ga4 alloy was calculated as a function of tetragonality, c/a, and compared with that in a stoichiometric alloy. A dip around c/a ≅ 0.97, which is seen in a stoichiometric alloy, disappears in the non-stoichiometric alloy, and a dip around c/a ≅ 1.23 become deep…
Hyper-Raman scattering experiment has been performed in SrTi(18Ox 16O1-x)3 single crystal with exchange rate x = 0.87. A polar F1u Slater mode is detected in the cubic phase. This mode becomes an Eu mode in the tetragonal phase and softens toward the phase transition temperature Tc = 26 ± 3 K. Electric field induced l…
For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a realistic approach for deriving an estimate by superior values of the surface energy of complex metallic alloys based on aluminium is proposed. It turns out that the surface energy of quasicrystals lies in the range 0.5–0.8 J/m 2 , in contrast to pure aluminium (1.15…
Interaction of liquid crystals with nanostructured surfaces is studied experimentally. Whereas photolithographic or AFM methods were used in the past for surface structuring, we use besides photolithography essentially replication methods for the creation of well-controlled nano-topologies. We established a laboratory…
A recently formulated electrical model of photoinduced volume expansion caused by the Coulomb interaction between photogenerated carriers in chalcogenide glasses is examined quantitatively. It is shown that, depending upon photoexcitation conditions, the model predicts either expansion or contraction. However, the cal…
For the purpose of following electricity demand change and improving the efficiency of generation for fuel cells, a new system, which is called metal hydride intermediate buffer method, is developing. The system uses the selective reacting function of hydrogen on metal hydride materials. It is said that metal hydride…