Materials Literature
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During the lateral grain-growth process in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films by selectively nucleated lateral crystallization using PZT seed, it was found that the lateral growth was saturated with the annealing temperature. The saturation of lateral growth was analyzed by the interface energy, which appeared d…
The microstructure of silicon nitride containing different percentages of β‐seeds was investigated. The average grain size and volume fraction of large grains increased with the incorporation of β‐seeds. The length and aspect ratio of large grains in sintered Si 3 N 4 initially increased by incorporating β‐seeds, and…
Abstract Capillary rheometry allows monitoring of PVC thermal and shear stress degradations separately. Based on testing of PVC compounds with a capillary rheometer, stabilizers can be efficiently optimized to reduce both degradation processes. Capillary rheometry is an important tool for further improving productivit…
To meet the increased demand of porosity evaluation of low-k materials, the ultra-high-sensitive Kr gas adsorption technique was developed. A homemade differential-type adsorption apparatus enables us to detect Kr adsorption as small as 2 μg. This corresponds to the sensitivity improvement by four orders of magnitude…
An industrial design of a pulsed field magnetometer (PFM) which generates in a bore of 30 mm a maximum field of 5 tesla with two different pulse durations (40 and 57 ms) is described. The field is calibrated using a small pickup coil where the effective winding area is known from a nuclear magnetic resonance calibrati…
The first achiral bent-core banana-shaped bidentate ligands and their Cu(II) and Pd(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and investigated for mesomorphic behaviour. The bidentate ligands exhibit only one enantiotropic mesophase. The ligand having C6 -alkoxy chains shows a mesophase that has been assigned as a two…
Abstract World consumption of PVC was around 25 MM MT (55 billion pounds) in year 2001, second only to that of low density polyethylene. Only 10% of the PVC produced is classified as specialty PVC resins, while the other 90% is referred to as general purpose (GP) commodity resins. This paper tries to define what speci…
The deformation behavior of a macroporous silicon wafer subjected to high-temperature oxidation has been studied, and the basic parameters describing the sample bending and subsequent stress relaxation when oxide is removed are determined. X-ray diffractometry and topography were used to determine the sample bending r…
Subsolidus phase relations have been determined in the CdO–InO 1.5 –SnO 2 system at 1175°C. A cubic‐bixbyite solution In 2−2 x (Cd,Sn) 2 x O 3 (0 < x < 0.34), a cubic spinel solution (1− x )CdIn 2 O 4 – x Cd 2 SnO 4 (0 < x < 0.75), and an orthorhombic‐perovskite solution Cd 1− x Sn 1− x In 2 x O 3 (0 <…
Abstract The effects of zinc surfactant (ZB) on the TESPT (bis(triethoxy-silylpropyl)tetrasulfide)-silica mixture in NR (isoprene rubber) and S-SBR (solution butadiene-co-styrene rubber) were investigated, and their processability, dynamic, mechanical, heat build-up, blowout properties, and silica dispersion character…
Abstract The growth of the science and technology of plastics leads to the development of new materials with more desirable properties. Such kinds of materials include polyurethanes with isocyanurate structural units combining the properties of great strength and high temperature stability. Most of them are produced a…
A model for the dynamics of spherical bubble growth in a quiescent viscous liquid is presented. The gas inside the bubble is a van der Waals fluid, and the viscous liquid outside the bubble is a Flory–Hugins solvent–polymer solution. The growth of the bubble in the viscous liquid is assumed to be controlled by momentu…
We study the effects of surface reconstruction on the absorption spectra and optical gaps of hydrogen-terminated silicon clusters. The spectra and gaps are computed using an ab initio method based on the linear response theory within the time-dependent local-density approximation (TDLDA). Our calculations show that th…
We investigated the effect of NiO substitution on the magnetic and physical properties of Co ferrite prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method without postannealing. The chemical coprecipitation compositions were chosen according to the formula (CoO)/sub 1-x/(NiO)/sub x//spl middot/n/2(Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/), where…
Thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray diffractometry were used to study the reaction process of the in situ reaction between Si 3 N 4 , B 4 C, and carbon for the synthesis of silicon carbide–boron nitride composites. Atmospheres with a low partial pressure of nitrogen (for examp…
The Jiles-Atherton model of the behavior of ferromagnetic materials determines the irreversible magnetization from the effective field by using a differential equation. This paper presents an exact, analytical solution to the equation, one displaying hysteresis. The inclusion of magnetomechanical couplings for various…
Abstract This study reports the kinetic experimental results of albite in water and in KCl solution at 22 MPa in the temperature range of 25 to 400°C. Kinetic experiments have been carried out in an open flow‐through reaction system (packed bed reactor). Albite dissolution is always incongruent in water at most temper…
Density functional theory studies have been performed to investigate the mechanisms of self-diffusion in Ge and the clustering of B in Si. In the case of self-diffusion of Ge, we find within the harmonic transition state theory a diffusion prefactor for the vacancy mechanism which is in good agreement with experimenta…
Abstract The crystal structure of the α-Na 2 B 8 O 13 stable modification has been refined by single crystal X-ray diffraction at 293, 573 and 773 K. The compound is monoclinic, P 2 1 / a space group, unit-cell parameters at 273 K are: a =6.507(3), b =17.796(8), c =8.377(5) Å, β =96.60(4)°, Z =4. The structure contain…
Abstract A series of reduced-charge montmorillonites with cation exchange capacities of 89, 73, 49 and 29% of the starting mineral was prepared from a Li-saturated smectite (Kriva Palanka, Republic of Macedonia) by heating at 110, 130, 160 and 300 ° C for 24 h (samples KP110 – KP300, respectively). Hydration propertie…