Materials Literature
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A room temperature free shear strain of 5.7% is reported in a single crystal of Ni–Mn–Ga having a composition close to the Heusler alloy Ni2MnGa. A twin boundary was created in a 2 mm×2 mm×25 mm single crystal using a permanent magnet with surface field strength of about 320 000 A/m. A sharp 6.5° bend occurs in the sa…
Direct oxidation of sulfite to sulfate occurs in various photo- and chemotrophic sulfur oxidizing microorganisms as the final step in the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds and is catalyzed by sulfite:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (EC ). Here we show that the enzyme from Thiobacillus novellus is a periplasmically loc…
Nanostructural hybrid organic–inorganic lanthanide complex films were prepared in situ by use of a novel sol-gel precursor containing pendant triethoxysilyl and carboxyl groups (see Figure). The resulting transparent and crack-free films gave rise to strong red or green emission, even at low lanthanide ion concentrati…
Several wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) technologies have been developed which generate fully packaged and tested chips on the wafer prior to dicing. Many of these technologies are based on simple peripheral pad redistribution technology followed by attachment of 0.3-0.5 mm solder balls. The larger standoff gen…
Electron field emission from amorphous carbon is found to depend on the clustering of the sp2 phase. The size of the sp2 phase is varied by thermal annealing and it dominates the effect of other parameters, such as chemical composition, surface termination, sp3 content, or conductivity. The optimum size of the sp2 pha…
Polarization dependent x-ray-absorption measurements were performed on pure and Cr-doped ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ single crystals in the antiferromagnetic insulating, paramagnetic insulating, and metallic phases. The orbital occupation of the V ${3d}^{2}$ ion is found to depend appreciably on the phase, but…
This paper addresses the modeling of strains generated by magnetostrictive transducers in response to applied magnetic fields. The measured strains depend on both the rotation of moments within the material in response to the field and the elastic properties of the material. The magnetic behavior is characterized by c…
A review of principle topical issues on the basic science of glasses and amorphous thin-films. It also includes select applications of these materials in current and evolving technologies, including optical recording, imaging, solar cells, battery technology and field-emission displays. The glass systems of interest i…
Systematic studies of cooperative upconversion and Yb3+–Er3+ energy transfer in newly developed phosphate glasses were performed by a rate-equation formalism. The cooperative-upconversion coefficients of the 4I13/2 level for different Er3+ concentrations were determined from the luminescence-decay curves for high pump…
A novel non-contact strain measurement technique has been employed to measure the tensile properties of extremely small ‘microsamples’ of pure high-density ultrafine-grained Al (ufg-Al) nanocrystalline Cu (n-Cu) and nanocrystalline Ni (n-Ni). These microsample tests confirmed the absence of Young's modulus variations…
A new series of Sm(CowFevCuxZry)z alloys has been developed to produce magnets with high intrinsic coercivity Hci at high temperatures for use up to 550 °C. The maximum use temperature is defined as TM, which is the maximum temperature at which the extrinsic demagnetization curve is a straight line. An important featu…
We show numerically that the reflectivity of multilayer extreme-UV (EUV) mirrors tuned for the 11-14-nm spectral region, for which the two-component, Mo/Be and Mo/Si multilayer systems with constant layer thickness are commonly used, can be enhanced significantly when we incorporate additional materials within the sta…
Two enantiomeric amphiphilic graft copolymers consisting of water soluble poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA) and biodegradable oligo(L-lactide) (OLLA) or oligo(D-lactide) (ODLA) were synthesized by free radical copolymerization. HEMA-OL(D)LA macromonomers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of L- or…
Single-crystal Raman and FTIR methods have been combined to study the structural OH groups of gibbsite, Al(OH) 3 . According to factor group analysis, six unique OH stretching bands [ν(OH)] bands are expected to occur in both IR and Raman spectra. In this study, six ν(OH) bands were observed in both the Raman and IR s…
Recent data concerning the thermostability and the primary structure of type IV collagens, some invertebrate collagens, and for the stability of synthetic collagen-like polypeptides, show that our earlier analysis of the phylogenetic change of thermostability has some shortcomings. The results of the analysis were cor…
A magnetic refrigerator device based on adiabatic magnetic refrigeration is described. The magnetic material is cyclically magnetized and demagnetized by permanent magnets in an adiabatic process. A temperature difference of 1.6 K between the hot and cold regions was obtained under a low magnetic field (0.3 T). Gadoli…
The effect of carbon on the sintering of boron‐doped SiC was studied. The free carbon present in the green compact was found to react with the SiO 2 covering the surfaces of the SiC particles; however, even if no carbon was added, the surface SiO 2 reacted with the SiC itself at a slightly higher temperature. This lat…
The temperature and magnetic field dependent magnetization of the polymeric solids [Cu3(TMA)2L3], where TMA=benzene-1,3-5-tricarboxylate and L=H2O or pyridine have been measured up to 5 T. These polymers contain dimeric [Cu2(O2CR)4] units. Discrete dimers in molecules such as cupric acetate have strong antiferromagnet…
Abstract Microbenthic biofilms are consortia of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms imbedded in a matrix of polymers and particles. As biofilms develop, internal cycling of materials might predominate, and dependence on external conditions is reduced. The mature biofilm structure may act as a barrier against delet…
Isothermal sections of the Zn—Mg-Y equilibrium phase diagram at 700 K, 773K and 873 K have been determined in the region of 30–70 at.%Zn, 20–60at.%Mg and 0–20at.%Y using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wavelength dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The icosahedral p…