Materials Literature
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From the Publisher: The first inclusive book on the cutting-edge field of modern optics and its applicationsFor the first time, all the major aspects of designing planar DOEs are covered in one book, comprised of original methods developed by experts at the Russian Academy of Sciences' Image Processing Systems Institu…
Abstract This article discusses the composition, properties, and behaviors of copper and its alloys. It begins with an overview of the characteristics, applications, and commercial grades of wrought and cast copper. It then discusses the role of alloying, explaining how zinc, tin, aluminum, silicon, and nickel affect…
The luminescence of pure and europium-doped nanocrystalline YVO 4 and YP 0.95 V 0.05 O 4 and the energy transfer processes in such nanoparticles have been studied by temperature dependent luminescence spectroscopy and luminescence lifetime measurements. The results indicate thermally activated energy transfer between…
A method for obtaining spatially localized crystalline orbitals starting from delocalized Bloch functions is proposed. The method, that has been implemented in the LCAO CRYSTAL code, is intrinsic and general for nonconducting systems, and provides a set of well localized Wannier functions that can be used for applicat…
Highly conducting and transparent aluminum-doped zinc oxide films were prepared on quartz and corning glass 7059 substrate by ablating the sintered ZnO target containing 2 wt % Al2O3 with a XeCl excimer laser (λ=308 nm). To grow the films, a repetition rate of 5 Hz and energy density of 1.5 J/cm2 was kept. The effect…
This paper examines the domain patterns and the macroscopic behaviour of single crystals of ferroelectric material using a theory based on energy minimization. A low-energy path is identified for domain switching and a novel configuration that yields very large electrostriction is identified.
The magnetostriction of Fe-x at. % Ga (x=15, 20, and 27.5) was measured, for alloys processed under different directional solidification conditions, and the effect of partial substitution of Ga with Al on the magnetostriction of the alloys was examined. Magnetostriction measurements were carried out at different prest…
In order to predict corrosion damage on passive metals, it is essential to use statistical methods and semi-empirical models, but at the same time we must maintain active inquiry into the fundamental deterministic processes that occur during localized corrosion. If it were the case that atomistic events occurring with…
Two series of push-pull chromophores built around thiophene-based pi-conjugating spacers rigidified either by covalent bonds or by noncovalent intramolecular interactions have been synthesized and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) and differential scanning…
Well-defined noble metal dendritic structures (see Figure) can be synthesized with the assistance of ultrasonic waves and using a Raney nickel template, as revealed here. Interestingly, Raney nickel is demonstrated to act not only as the template but also as the reducing agent. Advantages of this method include mild r…
The growth of colloidal crystals of CdSe via controlled oversaturation is reported by these authors. In individual 3D quantum dot arrays formed in this manner, individual CdSe nanocrystals play the role of building blocks—artificial atoms in the next level of hierarchy (see also cover). Two different types of crystals…
Photoaddressable polymers (PAPs) are side-chain copolymer systems functionalized with azobenzene chromophores and mesogenic side groups. They show very large birefringence values after illumination with polarized light. The molecular mechanisms involved are photoinduced isomerization cycles of the azo side groups, whi…
Tethered layered silicates/polyurethane nanocomposites displaying high tensile strength and high elongation to break were synthesized by using reactive swelling-agent-modified silicates as pseudo chain extenders for a polyurethane prepolymer. The dispersion of layered silicates in polyurethane was found to be transfor…
Magnetoelectric laminate composites of piezoelectric/magnetostrictive materials were prepared by stacking and bonding together a PZT disk and two layers of Terfenol‐D disks with different directions of magnetostriction. These composites were studied to investigate (i) dependence on the magnetostriction direction of th…
Alloying: Understanding the Basics is a comprehensive guide to the alloying process and the benefits that can be achieved in a wide range of materials, including cast iron, steel, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, copper, nickel, cobalt, and zinc as well as cemented carbides, cermets, and iron-nickel alloys. It explains…
Indium-based transparent conductors, notably indium tin oxide (ITO), have a wide range of applications due to a unique combination of visible light transparency and modest conductivity. A fundamental understanding of such an unusual combination of properties is strongly motivated by the great demand for materials with…
We review recent advances in the development of colloidal fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (a class of quantum dots) for biological labeling. Although some of the photophysical properties of nanocrystals are not fully understood and are still actively investigated, researchers have begun developing bioconjugatio…
Abstract An internal standard X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis technique permits reproducible and accurate calculation of the mineral contents of rocks, including the major clay mineral families: Fe-rich chlorites + berthierine, Mg-rich chlorites, Fe-rich dioctahedral 2:1 clays and micas, Al-rich dioctahedral 2:1 clay…
Abstract This article discusses the role of alloying in the production and use of titanium. It explains how alloying elements affect transformation temperatures, tensile and creep strength, elasticity, hardness, and corrosion behaviors. It provides composition and property data for commercial grades of titanium, addre…
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