Materials Literature
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The classification of adsorption hysteresis loops recommended by the IUPAC in 1984 was based on experimental observations and the application of classical principles of pore filling (notably the use of the Kelvin equation for mesopore analysis). Recent molecular simulation and density functional (DFT) studies of the p…
If the fuel cell is to become the modern steam engine, basic research must provide breakthroughs in understanding, materials, and design to make a hydrogen-based energy system a vibrant and competitive force
We have produced ultrathin epitaxial graphite films which show remarkable 2D electron gas (2DEG) behavior. The films, composed of typically three graphene sheets, were grown by thermal decomposition on the (0001) surface of 6H−SiC, and characterized by surface science techniques. The low-temperature conductance spans…
When a polymer has ionic groups regularly fixed on a polymeric chain, it is called a polyelectrolyte; the parameter that controls the thermodynamic properties is the charge parameter k, which is proportional to the linear charge density and introduced in the polyelectrolyte theories from Katchalsky et al. [4] and later…
Intensive experimental investigations have been performed on a typical liquid semiconductor As2Se3 over a wide temperature range under pressure, such as electrical conductivity, optical absorption coefficient, density, x-ray absorption fine structure, and x-ray diffraction measurements. With increasing temperature, it…
We investigated vibrational and electronic excitations of 0.1-layer up to 2.4-layer film of H(2)O deposited on a 1.4-layer film of thymine condensed on Ar at a temperature of 18 K using high-resolution electron-energy loss (EEL) spectroscopy at the incident energy of 12 eV. The spectral contribution originating essent…
An advanced interconnection technology was studied by evaluating the performance of copper (Cu) interconnections capped with a barrier metal. Good selectivity of self-aligned tungsten (W) caps grown by chemical vapor deposition was obtained, and the isolation resistance and leakage current between adjacent Cu intercon…
A new SPICE-compatible behavioral model for magnetic controlled inductors was developed and verified experimentally. The new model is based on the gyrator-capacitor scheme in which the nonlinear permeance is emulated by a nonlinear capacitor that is built by using a 'transformer' circuit. The gyrator-capacitor approac…
This work explores the physical basis for Hart's mechanical equation of state in high‐temperature plasticity. The experiments seek to identify a possible microstructural basis for the “hardness” parameters associated with load relaxation curves. The experiments also seek to examine the microstructural basis for scalin…
Au/TiO2 prepared in a pH adjusted gold solution by a deposition-precipitation method can possess high activity and stability for selective CO oxidation in a H2 rich stream at ambient temperature.
An orientational order parameter is proposed for the isotropic to smectic C*A phase transition in antiferroelectric liquid crystals. A phenomenological theory is developed to describe the direct isotropic to smectic-C*A phase transition on the basis of a free energy expansion. The free energy is written in terms of th…
This book outlines the basic principles of metallurgical design of flat rolled steels to obtain flat steel products with required metallurgical and mechanical properties. These principles establish the requirements for steel chemical composition and the process parameters, including steelmaking, reheating, hot rolling…
The objective of this work was to develop a SPICE compatible equivalent circuit of a thermoelectric module (TEM). A methodology is developed for extracting the parameters of the proposed model from manufacturers' data of thermoelectric coolers (TEC) and thermoelectric generators (TEG). The model could be helpful for a…
We report on the low-energy electron-induced production of aldehydes within thin solid films of tetrahydrofuran (THF) condensed on a solid Kr substrate. The aldehyde fragments, which remain trapped within the bulk of the THF film, are detected in situ via their 3,1(n-->pi*) and 3(pi-->pi*) electronic transitions and v…
The delta form of crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene is a clathrate molecular compound in which various aromatic molecules are encaged. We have investigated the size, shape, and connectivity of the molecular cavity in the crystal using a molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of the guest species on the cavity s…
The high polymeric carbohydrates in the cell walls, beside cellulose and pectin, are called hemicelluloses. The hydrolysates of the hemicellulosic wall fraction contain glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, fucose, glucuronic acid, and mannuronic acid, in various amounts or traces [1].
This chapter represents a summary review and an update of an earlier discussion of the phenomenology of cellulose, together with an overview of recent developments in the chemistry of cellulose. Rather than attempting to integrate
Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) capped gold nanoparticles (Au@DHLA) are characterized in solid and liquid states by sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy; it clearly shows that DHLA is anchored to gold thanks to both sulfur ends.
A classical electromagnetic calculation of the lifetime of an emitting electric dipole near a material slab is presented. The lifetime is deduced from the imaginary part of the electric field Green's tensor associated with the stratified medium. The method is applied not only to the well known case of metallic reflect…
We investigate a lattice-fluid model of water, defined on a three-dimensional body centered cubic lattice. Model molecules possess a tetrahedral symmetry, with four equivalent bonding arms, aiming to mimic the formation of hydrogen bonds. The model is similar to the one proposed by Roberts and Debenedetti [J. Chem. Ph…