Materials Literature
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The photoluminescence and crystalline structure characterization of undoped and several samarium doped ZrO2 samples are reported. Strong fluorescence emission produced by the transitions G5/24→6H5/2,7/2,9/2 of Sm3+ was obtained by the excitation of the host at 320 nm. The energy transfer process from the host to the s…
The low dielectric constant (k) of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiCOH films has been attributed to porosity in the films. We have shown previously that the dielectric constant of such materials can be extended from the typical k values of 2.7–2.9 to ultralow-k values of k=2.0. The reduction in the dielectr…
We describe a strategy for extracting nearly size-monodisperse, 1.7-nm-diameter Pd nanoparticles from within dendrimer hosts. The approach involves two steps. First, an aqueous solution of dendrimer-encapsulated Pd nanoparticles is prepared, followed by the addition of a toluene solution containing an n-alkanethiol. W…
The dynamics of a laser-induced cavitation bubble near a composite surface, consisting of either a thin rigid plate glued on a foam rubber (composite surface A) or a deformable rubber plate glued on a foam rubber (composite surface B), was investigated experimentally with high-speed photography. To understand the inte…
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) from an organogel system prepared from methyl 4,6- O -benzylidene-α- d -mannopyranoside and p -xylene was carried out with a synchrotron X-ray source at SPring-8, which revealed that hexagonally packed fibrils are formed in the gel state. The spacing between the fibrils can be evalu…
Several aspects of the electromagnetic contribution to surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are revisited and analyzed in terms of known concepts and ideas in the field of photonic crystals. A qualitative understanding of some reported SERS phenomena can be achieved by this analysis of the complex energy distribut…
The thickness effect in ferroelectric thin films has been theoretically investigated using the Landau–Khalatnikov theory. Ferroelectric properties such as the hysteresis loop, and its associated coercive field and the remanent polarization of various film thicknesses have been numerically simulated. In this simulation…
Using an approach different from the conventional vapor doping methods, Cs positive ions in a magnetized-plasma column are irradiated upon a negatively biased substrate which is covered with dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The Cs ions are evidently observed inside SWNTs by the Z-contrast method in sc…
We reported a way to fabricate microporous films by post-base treatment of hydrogen-bonding-directed multilayer films of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) and carboxyl-terminated polyether dendrimer (DEN−COOH). The PVP/DEN−COOH multilayer film was fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly of PVP and DEN−COOH from a methanol sol…
The origins of extensive solid−solid-state interconversions that accompany the electrochemistry of microparticles of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and semiconducting CuTCNQ (phases I and II) adhered to glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, in contact with CuSO 4(aq) electrolyte, have been identified. Ex situ analyses with…
Blueshifts in the ultraviolet absorption spectra have been observed in cerium oxide nanocrystallites. The mechanism of the absorption is a charge-transfer optical transition. The relationships among the blueshift, valence state of cerium ions, and the particle size are formulated. The blueshifts are well explained for…
The influence of the disk diameter of nanometer thick anisotropic layered silicates on the phase-separated morphology of a near-critical polystyrene (PS)−poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) blend was examined using atomic force microscopy. Films with comparable amounts of thermodynamically equivalent nanoparticles varying…
Abstract This book links the molecular evolution of silk proteins to the evolution and behavioral ecology of web-spinning spiders and other arthropods. Craig ‘s book draws together studies from biochemistry through molecular genetics, cellular physiology, ecology, and behavior to present an integrated understanding of…
The sonication of ionic organic liquids leads to decomposition of the liquids. Multibubble sonoluminescence spectra and headgas analysis reveal a variety of decomposition products from the sonolysis of N,N'-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids. The decomposition is a result of acoustic cavitation, which generates localize…
We analyze dynamical heterogeneities in a simulated “bead-spring” model of a nonentangled, supercooled polymer melt. We explore the importance of chain connectivity on the spatially heterogeneous motion of the monomers. We find that when monomers move, they tend to follow each other in one-dimensional paths, forming s…
Recent density functional theory calculations indicate that hydrogen is soluble in ZnO, effectively forming a shallow donor state. It has been suggested that these donors are responsible for the large increases in electron concentration seen in ZnO samples annealed at elevated temperatures in H2 gas. In order to make…
A one-dimensional heat conduction model is developed for a phase change random access memory device with an 8F2 memory cell structure (F=0.15 μm). The required current level for a reset operation, which corresponds to the phase switching from a crystalline (“1” state) to an amorphous phase (“0” state) of Ge2Sb2Te5, wa…
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to study the internal structure of poly(lactic acid)−poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA(d)−PEG) block copolymer assemblies, which are being investigated as particulate drug carriers. Three PLA(d)−PEG copolymers with a fixed PEG of 5 kDa and a fully deuterated PLA(d) block of…
Approximately 2.0 nm diameter nanocrystalline zinc sulfide was synthesized in water (H 2 O−ZnS) and ∼2.4 nm nanocrystalline mercaptoethanol-capped ZnS was synthesized in a mercaptoethanol−water solution (mer-ZnS) in order to investigate the connections between the crystal growth pathway and microstructure development…
CuO x / Al exothermic reactions in multilayer foils were studied to identify reaction paths and reaction kinetics. Heating samples at a slow, controlled rate in a differential thermal analyzer showed that the reduction of CuOx and the oxidation of Al proceeded via two separate exotherms. To analyze this reaction pathw…