Materials Literature
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The formation of scales and feathers in reptiles and birds has fascinated biologists for decades. How might the developmental processes involved in the evolution of the amniote ectoderm be interpreted to shed light on the evolution of integumental appendages? An Evo-Devo approach to this question is proving essential…
Temperature profiles and catalytic performance over α-alumina-supported nickel catalysts with various Ni loadings (0.2−10 wt %) were studied during the oxidative steam reforming of methane. The catalyst bed temperature during the reaction was dependent on the Ni loading amount. From the viewpoint that the formation of…
Mesoporous solid superacid molecular sieve films have been prepared (see Figure) and used as photocatalysts. The new class of superacid possesses large surface area, uniform pore size, and accessible 3D mesoporous architecture. These are attractive properties for catalytic or photocatalytic applications.
Titania foams (see Figure) can be produced using a non-static air–liquid foaming sol–gel process where nitrogen is bubbled through a mixture of a surfactant and a sol–gel precursor. Either anatase or rutile phase mesoporous titania foams are produced upon thermal treatment. Macroscopic cell morphologies can be tuned b…
Gyroidal cubic Ia3d silica monoliths (see Figure) with controlled pores of 8–10 nm diameter, thick-walled framework up to 17 nm, and highly uniform mesoporosity have been fabricated using a simple strategy. Such structural features are likely to expand the industrial applications of these monoliths.
A comprehensive lattice-gas model has been developed to predict the diffusivities of dilute H in a wide range of structurally disordered fcc CuPd alloys with compositions greater than $47\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{at.}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ Pd. We used density functional theory to perform detailed calcu…
Monodisperse amorphous-selenium spherical colloids (see Figure) have been synthesized in large quantities by reducing selenious acid with hydrazine in ethylene glycol. The diameters of these colloids could be controlled in the range of 90–420 nm by adjusting the molar ratio between selenious acid and hydrazine. The as…
In the present work, we demonstrate the ability to electrospin wheat gluten, a polydisperse plant protein polymer that is currently available at roughly 0.50 dollars/lb. A variety of electrospinning experiments were carried out with wheat gluten from two sources, at different solution concentrations, and with native a…
Interlayer surfaces of layered double hydroxide (LDH) have been functionalized with amine moieties by condensation between the hydroxyl groups and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APS) molecules via the covalent oxane bonds M-O-Si (M=Zn and Cr) (see Figure). Since the galleries of the modified LDHs have a hydrophobic f…
The toughness of the major ampullate silk of spiders is shown to increase at low temperatures, unlike synthetic fibers. This temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of spider silk, together with other remarkable properties, demonstrates the potential usefulness of such a super-fiber in harsh environments.…
Effects of coagulant components and coagulation conditions on the structure and properties of regenerated cellulose (RC) films prepared from cellulose in 7.5 wt % NaOH/11 wt % urea aqueous solution were investigated by 13 C NMR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph, tensile testing, etc. The uniform design…
Ordered wood cellular structures are used for the synthesis of hierarchical SiC via mineralization with silica followed by carbothermal reduction in argon.
Abstract The aim of this paper is to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of sisal fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites as a function of modification of sisal fiber by using mercerization and silane treatments. The changes introduced by the treatments on the chemical structure of sisal fibers have been a…
Short channel (~80 nm) n-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) with potassium (K) doped source and drain regions and high-k gate dielectrics (ALD HfO2) are obtained. For nanotubes with diameter ~ 1.6 nm and bandgap ~ 0.55 eV, we obtain n-MOSFET-like devices exhibiting high on-curren…
Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance (EDMR) was used to study a series of multilayer organic devices based on aluminum (III) 8-hydroxyquinoline. These devices were designed to identify the micoscopic origin of different spin dependent process, i.e. hopping and exciton formation. EDMR is demonstrated to probe molec…
An electrophoretic deposition process is shown to be an effective means of placing CdSe nanoparticles into nanopores and nanotrenches in templates prepared from polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) diblock copolymers. CdSe nanoparticles covered with alpha,omega-thiocarboxylic acid ligands were used…
We employ spin-polarized periodic density functional theory (DFT) to examine carbon atom adsorption on, absorption in, and diffusion into Fe(110) and Fe(100). We find that carbon atoms bind strongly with Fe surfaces and prefer high coordination sites. The carbon atom is predicted to adsorb on the long-bridge site on F…
We have studied hyperfine interactions between spin-polarized electrons and lattice nuclei in Al_0.1Ga_0.9As/GaAs quantum well (QW) heterostructures. The spin-polarized electrons are electrically injected into the semiconductor heterostructure from a metallic ferromagnet across a Schottky tunnel barrier. The spin-pola…
AuZn undergoes a shape-memory transition at 67 K. The de Haas van Alphen effect persists to 100 K enabling the observation of a change in the quantum oscillation spectrum indicative of a catastrophic Fermi surface reconstruction at the transition. Coexistence of both Fermi surfaces at low temperatures is suggestive of…
We report on a nanoscale patterning method on Si substrates using self-assembled metal islands and low-energy ion-beam irradiation. The Si nanostructures produced on the Si substrate have a one-to-one correspondence with the self-assembled metal (Ag, Au, Pt) nanoislands initially grown on the substrate. The surface mo…