Materials Literature
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We used an optical reflection method to measure the temperature-dependence of the piezoelectricity, electrostriction and time constant of a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) thin film. We obtained the piezoelectric constant and the electrostrictive constant as a function of temperature by curve fitting the experimenta…
We present a different and efficient method for implementing the analytical solution of Ornstein-Zernike equation for two-Yukawa fluids in the mean spherical approximation. We investigate, in particular, the conditions for the formation of an extra low-Q peak in the structure factor, which we interpret as due to clust…
Periodically ordered mesoporous magnesium oxides were synthesized by utilization of mesoporous CMK-3 carbon as exotemplate. The products exhibit high thermal stability and basic properties, which makes them promising for application in heterogeneous basic catalysis.
Efforts are under way to manufacture electromechanical devices at ever smaller sizes. However, standard semiconductor technology places limits on how small such machines can be. In their Perspective, Bhattacharya and James explain how martensitic materials--which can distort reversibly without any diffusion taking pla…
The incorporation of nanoparticles into thermosetting resins is seen to impart desirable dielectric properties when compared with conventional (micron-sized particulates) composites. Although the improvements are accompanied by the mitigation of internal charge in the materials, the nature of the interfacial region is…
Rough and patterned copper surfaces were produced using etching and, separately, using electrodeposition. In both of these approaches the roughness can be varied in a controlled manner and, when hydrophobized, these surfaces show contact angles that increase with increasing roughness to above 160 degrees . We show tra…
The design, synthesis, and characterization of "reverse" peptide amphiphiles (PAs) with free N-termini is described. Use of an unnatural amino acid modified with a fatty acid tail allows for the synthesis of this new class of PA molecules. The mixing of these molecules with complementary ones containing a free C-termi…
An electrospinning method was used to spin semi-crystalline poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) nanofibres. Processing parameter effects on the internal molecular structure of electrospun PLLA fibres were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Take-up velocity was found as a dominant p…
We report that the organic salt (EDO-TTF)2PF6 with 3/4-filled-band (1/4-filled in terms of holes), which forms an organic metal with strong electron and lattice correlation, shows a highly sensitive response to photoexcitation. An ultrafast, photoinduced phase transition from the insulator phase to the metal phase can…
The sulfur-induced embrittlement of nickel has long been wrapped in mystery as to why and how sulfur weakens the grain boundaries of nickel and why a critical intergranular sulfur concentration is required. From first-principles calculations, we found that a large grain-boundary expansion is caused by a short-range ov…
The incorporation of nanometric size particles in a matrix to form dielectric composites shows promise of materials (nanodielectrics) with new and improved properties. It is argued that the properties of the interfaces between the particles and the matrix, which will themselves be of nanometric dimensions, will have a…
A cytotoxicity test protocol for single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs), multi-wall nanotubes (with diameters ranging from 10 to 20 nm, MWNT10), and fullerene (C60) was tested. Profound cytotoxicity of SWNTs was observed in alveolar macrophage (AM) after a 6-h exposure in vitro. The cytotoxicity increases by as high as approxi…
Computer modelling techniques are used to predict the distribution of residual stresses in a machined uranium surface. The predictions are used to address the ageing of uranium exposed to inert gas based environments in terms of microcrack initiation and subsequent propagation. Metallographic observations of microcrac…
In previous works we have shown that certain pi-conjugated organic molecules possess nontotally symmetric vibrations that break the maximum hardness (MHP) and minimum polarizability principles (MPP). We have also derived a set of simple rules to determine a priori without calculations whether a particular pi-conjugate…
Pb ( Zr , Ti ) O 3 (PZT) thin films were deposited on different substrate heterostructures including platinized silicon, stainless steel and Ni-based alloy foils. A buffer layer of (La0.8Sr0.2)MnO3 (LSMO) between PZT and substrate was used. The pyroelectric coefficients were determined using low frequency sinusoidal t…
Unique properties concerning the Curie temperature $({T}_{C})$ of lightly doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films $(0.05\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.2)$ possessing tensile strain from the substrate have been discovered. It was found that ${T}_{C…
A novel method for synthesizing ordered macroporous polymers is presented. Simply irradiating an electron beam onto colloidal polymer crystals generates regularly ordered macroporous polymers. No post-treatment is required for the formation of porous polymers. In addition, arbitrarily shaped two- and three-dimensional…
We successfully prepared a series of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) from castor oil-based polyurethane (PU) and 20 wt % benzyl starch (BS) with different weight-average molecular weights (M(w)), coded as the PU/BS films. The M(w) values of a series of BSs were determined by size-exclusion chromatog…
We have successfully incorporated iron oxide nanoparticles into monodispersed amorphous selenium (a-Se) colloids by regulating the reaction temperature during the synthesis of a-Se. The surfaces of these a-Se colloids could be coated with conformal and smooth shells made of Pt and SiO2. The Se cores could then be remo…
The bending instability characteristics of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) of various configurations are studied using a hybrid approach in which the deformation-induced increase of the intratube interaction energy is modeled with the bending deformation energy using the elastic theory of beams. The intertube i…