Materials Literature
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The Taguchi design of experiments was used to test the relative importance of medium components and environmental factors on poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) production by Ralstonia eutropha. The optimum condition was obtained as: fructose concentration, 15 g/L; C/N ratio, 7.4; agitation speed 200 rpm; culture time, 40 h;…
Abstract At present, there are intensive research efforts towards intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs) with a thin film electrolyte and electrode. In view of the nature of molecular level reaction and the great potential of CVD processes for IT‐SOFCs and even Micro‐SOFC fabrication, various novel…
Abstract A reduced nonlinear model of a planar molten carbonate fuel cell is presented. The model is derived from a spatially distributed dynamic model of the cell by applying the Karhunen Loève Galerkin procedure. The reduced model is of considerably lower order than the original one and requires much less computatio…
Archaeal dehydrogenases are often found to be of a specific class of dehydrogenase which has low sequence identity to the equivalent bacterial and eukaryotic counterparts. This paper focuses on two different types of hyperthermophilic dehydrogenase enzyme that have been cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. T…
By anodizing an aluminum surface that has been patterned with different guiding lattices using a focused ion beam, the resulting anodic alumina nanochannel arrays exhibit different degree of order arrangement. Long-range order is achieved only when the guiding lattice is carefully matched to that of the self-organized…
Densification and grain growth of alumina were studied with yttria or yttrium‐aluminum garnet (YAG) additives at the relatively low temperatures of 1200°–1300°C. Yttria doping was found to inhibit densification and grain growth of alumina at 1200°C and, depending on dopant level, had a lesser effect at 1300°C. At 1200…
The growth and characterization of single grains of the primitive icosahedral quasicrystal R–Mg–Cd (R=Y, Gd, Tb or Dy) are described. From the thermodynamic properties, it is confirmed that the system is a spin glass exhibiting the characteristic spin-freezing transition of such systems. There is no evidence for two d…
A brief review is presented of recent results derived from the random field theory approach to describing relaxor ferroelectric properties. The key point in this approach is that the random field originating f rom chemical disorder of relaxor ferroelectrics destroys long range polar order, which could otherwise exist…
The stabilization of the n = 3 member of the Ruddlesden−Popper series has been investigated in the Sr−Nd−Fe−O system. A new series of phases closely derived from RP-type structures has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The control of the oxygen stoichiometry first allowed…
We studied the magnetic and electronic properties of the insulating charge-transfer salt (TMTTF) 2 AsF 6 by electron spin resonance (ESR), SQUID magnetometer and optical conductivity measurements. For the first time, the lattice dynamics was investigated in the vicinity of the charge order transition. We found a split…
Realizations of double negative (DNG) metamaterials using lumped element representations of lossless and lossy transmission lines are reported. Double negative media are artificial materials in which the permittivity and permeability are both negative. Analytical and numerical results for a variety of transmission lin…
The results of polishing (using suspensions of nanodiamonds (NDs) produced by detonation synthesis at different plants) of the surfaces of 23 solid materials having different chemical compositions, production processes, structure, electronic properties, hardness, reactivity, and application are described. Atomic force…
Lanthanum‐doped lead zirconate stannate titanate ceramics were successfully compacted to full density by spark plasma sintering (SPS). SPS samples densified at 900° or 950°C exhibit nearly full density and fine grain size (about 300 nm). Compared with samples from conventional sintering (CS), SPS samples show larger p…
The effect of selective inhibition of nanodiamond oxidation upon heating of detonation carbon in air is used to extract nanodiamonds from the detonation products. The methods for cleaning nanodiamonds from nondiamond carbon modifications are described depending on the synthesis conditions.
We report that the optical frame orientation is wavelength independent over the entire transmission range of the nonlinear monoclinic crystal Ca4YO(BO3)3 (YCOB). We used a new method based on internal conical refraction associated with x-ray diffraction on a single crystal cut as a sphere. Direct phase-matching-angle…
Ferroelectric polyamide 11 films were prepared by melt-quenching, cold-drawing and electrical poling. Their ferroelectricity was studied by means of dielectric-hysteresis measurements. A remnant polarisation of up to 35 mC/m/sup 2/ and a coercive field of 75 MV/m were obtained. The piezoelectric d/sub 33/ coefficient…
13C-NMR measurements have been carried out on the quasi two-dimensional organic conductor, α-(BEDT-TTF) 2 I 3 . We measured the angular dependence of 13 C-NMR spectrum at several temperatures above metal-insulator transition temperature, 135 K (=T MI, ). We found that charge (spin) disproportionation already exists in…
We report the preparation of metal-carbonyl-dendrimer-antibody conjugates. These metal-carbonyl-multilabeled antibodies are designed to be used in a new solid-phase-format carbonyl metallo immunoassay (CMIA). A fourth-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer was labeled with 10-25 (eta5-cyclopentadienyl)iron dicarbonyl (et…
Carbon black, silica and calcium carbonate were used as fillers in polypropylene–natural rubber–recycle rubber powder (PP–NR–RRP) composites. The effects of filler loading on processability, tensile properties, swelling behavior and morphology of PP–NR–RRP composites at a fixed weight ratio of 70/15/15 were studied. T…
The take-off run for aerospace composites has been prolonged, but now that designers feel more comfortable with these materials, they are incorporating them into primary aerostructures – as well as into the design codes, qualification loops and other features of the necessarily safety-first aviation culture. As a resu…