Materials Literature
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Dry reverse micelles of the anionic twin-tailed surfactant bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) dissolved in nonpolar solvents spontaneously form an organogel when p-chlorophenol is added in a 1:1 AOT:phenol molar ratio. The solvents used were benzene, toluene, m-xylene, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane), decane, d…
Thermogravimetry has been used to study the kinetics of the thermal dissociation of solid and liquid ammonium nitrate. Model-fitting and model-free kinetic methods have been applied to the sets of isothermal and nonisothermal measurements to derive kinetic characteristics of the processes. The application of the model…
Homopolymer and block amphiphilic polymer brushes on silicon wafers have been successfully prepared by combining the self-assembled monolayer of initiator and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Two methods for self-assembly of initiator monolayer were compared: One was to treat the silicon surface with 6-((2…
Low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) silanes (PEG silanes) have been grafted onto the surface of silicon wafers in a one-step procedure yielding ultrathin and stable PEG monolayers. Structural investigation by means of X-ray reflectivity provided data on the thickness of the PEG monolayers. The layer thickness v…
We report here a systematic XRD/FTIR/CHN/ICP investigation for structural transformation of hydrotalcite-like compounds Mg 1- x Al x (OH) 2 (NO 3 ) x · n H 2 O as a continuous function of nitrate anions ( x = 0.18−0.34). With seven finely divided steps in x value, a clear relationship between basal spacing and nitrate…
We have prepared a novel material, consisting of Pt particles supported on purified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), representing the first reported metal-loaded SWNT material. The material contains 10 wt % Pt on entangled SWNT bundles consisting of 20−100 nanotubes each. The average Pt particle size is 1−2 nm.…
We have performed temperature-dependent ultrahigh-resolution $(\ensuremath{\Delta}E\ensuremath{\sim}7\mathrm{meV})$ photoemission spectroscopy on ${\mathrm{CoS}}_{2}$ across the para- to ferromagnetic transition and found a remarkable temperature-induced spectral change near ${E}_{F}.$ Comparison with the band-structu…
To understand how dislocations form ordered structures during the deformation of metals, we perform computer simulation studies of the dynamics and patterning of screw dislocations in two dimensions. The simulation is carried out using an idealized atomistic model with anti-plane displacements only; we show that this…
A method of constructing <30-nanometer structures in close proximity with precise spacings is presented that uses the step-by-step application of organic molecules and metal ions as size-controlled resists on predetermined patterns, such as those formed by electron-beam lithography. The organic molecules serve as a ru…
The mechanisms of photo-induced microstructures in an azobenzene polymer film are presented. They are based on the spatial periodic modulation of optical intensity and the photoisomerization of azobenzene molecules with the movement of main chains. Experiment and theory jointly point out the possibility of photo-induc…
The microstructures of Na 2 Si 2 O 5 from room temperature up to 1773 K are studied by high-temperature Raman spectroscopy. Deconvolutions of complex Raman spectra of crystal and amorphous states (glass and melt) are described. The results show that the temperature-dependent Raman spectra clearly indicate phase transi…
ZnS x Se 1- x (0< x <1) nanocrystalline films were deposited onto quartz substrates by a dc magnetron sputtering technique. The optical properties of the films were studied at room temperature (~300 K). The optical absorption was found to be dominated by the combined effects of optical losses due to absorption and sca…
The effects of titanium content on the properties of silica-titania films by the sol-gel method using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and tetrapropylorthotitanate (TPOT) as the starting materials have been investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, thermal gravimetri…
The nonlinear-optical coefficients of R COB ( R = Gd, Y) crystals are measured. The spatial distribution of d eff (effective nonlinear-optical coefficient) is subsequently determined. Our experiments show that the maximum d eff occurs at the second quadrant. The second-harmonic generation efficiency reaches 48% for a…
An attempt has been made to interpret the anomalous properties of supercooled water in a unified way by using Stillinger's postulate that the formation of bulky clathrate-like local structures is the main cause of the anomalous thermodynamic and transport properties exhibited by liquid water at low temperatures. Compa…
The vibrationally resolved 488 nm negative ion photoelectron spectra of V3O, Nb3O, and Ta3O provide measurements of their electron affinities, vibrational frequencies, and low-lying electronic state energies. The electron affinities increase smoothly down the triad with values (eV) of 1.218±0.008 for V3O, 1.393±0.006…
Ultrafast laser spectroscopy has been used to measure the electron–phonon coupling constant in PtAu core–shell bimetallic nanoparticles. A chemical reduction method was used to prepare Pt cores of 12.5 nm diameter and a γ-radiolytic deposition technique was then used to grow Au shells of variable thickness. The result…
Three new di-tert-butylbipyridine (dbbpy) complexes of platinum(II) (1-3) containing 1,1-dithiolate ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The 1,1-dithiolates are 2,2-diacetylethylene-1,1-dithiolate (S(2)C=C(C(O)Me)2) (1), 2-cyano-2-p-bromophenylethylene-1,1-dithiolate (S(2)C=C(CN)(p-C(6)H(4)Br)) (2), and p-…
A CeO 2 film with a thickness of about 80 nm was deposited by a mass-analysed low-energy dual ion beam deposition technique on an Si(111) substrate. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and x-ray diffraction measurements showed that the film is a single crystal. The tetravalent state of Ce in the film was confi…
We report on self-consistent polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) calculations as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for several types of polyolefins. For all polymer types one single set of potential parameters was used. In general we find good semi-quantitative agreement between PRISM and MD res…