Materials Literature
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Optical absorption measurements on different growth sectors of a polished slice of electron-irradiated type Ib synthetic diamond show that the vacancy concentration is almost four times higher in the high-nitrogen {111} sectors than in the low-nitrogen {115} sectors. Evidence is presented to show that the self-interst…
The distribution of gallium and germanium over the available framework sites in the type-I clathrate Sr 8 Ga 16 Ge 30 ( Pm \bar{3} n ) has been determined by powder diffraction using several different combinations of resonant scattering data sets, collected at energies close to both the Ga and Ge K -edges, and time-of…
Abstract Eu2+ ions were incorporated into SiO2–BaMgF4 glass–ceramic thin films using a sol–gel method. The addition of N,N-dimethylformamide to a starting solution resulted in a porous microstructure of the film prepared. The films exhibited blue emission peaking at 420 nm by excitation at 290 nm. The emission was eff…
We report the parameter-free, density-functional theory calculations of the electronic structure, interatomic exchange interaction and magnetic critical temperature of Zn 0.75 Cr 0.25 Te. This system has recently gained exceptional importance as the first diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS), where the intrinsic ferro…
Abstract Polyolefins and chlorine‐containing polymers were investigated to produce polymer nanocomposites. Natural and organic‐treated montmorillonite clays were melt compounded with the polymers. Organic‐treated montmorillonite clay dispersed well in polychloroprene, chlorinated‐polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlo…
The role of the bridging ligand on the effective Heisenberg coupling parameters is analyzed in detail. This analysis strongly suggests that the ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitations are responsible for a large part of the final value of the magnetic coupling constant. This permits us to suggest a variant of the…
Domain structures in [001]-poled rhombohedral phase 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.32PbTiO3 single crystals have been investigated using polarized light microcopy. It was found that the observed domain structures are quite different from those previously assumed four domain states with cross intersecting 71° charged domain wa…
Abstract The first synthesis of highly hydrophobic bifunctional biphenylene bridged hybrid mesoporous silsesquioxane with sulfonic acid functionalities and crystalline pore walls is reported.
Abstract This article summarizes some of the highlights of newest developments in polypropylene (PP) clay nanocomposite research. Different property improvements, including mechanical performance enhancements, achieved by melt compounding of organoclay materials with PP and/or PP‐g‐MA are presented.
Electron-beam-induced deposition was performed to fabricate nanostructures using a subnanometer-sized probe of high-energy electrons emitted by a 200 kV transmission electron microscope equipped with a field emission gun. We fabricated nanometer-sized dots with a diameter of less than 5 nm, controlling their position…
In the trigonal and hexagonal crystal systems, four-membered Bravais–Miller indices hkil are commonly used. Corresponding four-membered direction indices may be found in the literature, but their use is not straightforward. This note reminds readers of the meaning and the applicability of such indices.
Order formations in the crystallization processes of flexible chain molecules with regard to the nucleation effect of rigid crystalline molecules have been studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. When the short polymer melts consist of complete flexible chains, no orientation order was observed under cooli…
Abstract Via γ‐ray irradiation polymerization, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/clay nanocomposites were successfully prepared with reactive modified clay and nonreactive clay. With reactive modified clay, exfoliated PMMA/clay nanocomposites were obtained, and with nonreactive clay, intercalated PMMA/clay nanocomposit…
The cubic-tetragonal-monoclinic structural evolution of zirconia $({\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2})$ is studied within a lattice dynamical treatment using a model approach taking into consideration the variability of the oxygen ion charge. The relevant calculations reveal the two physical factors driving that evolution. A specific…
Abstract Two series of polyurethanes and polyurethaneureas were prepared using a two‐step bulk‐solution polymerization procedure. Each series consisted of three polymers based on three molecular weights of α,ω‐bis(6‐hydroxyethoxypropyl) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): 940, 1913, and 2955. The soft segment in all cases wa…
We have used spectroscopic ellipsometry to measure the optical functions of F16CuPc (copper-hexadecafluoro-phthalocyanine, C32F16N8Cu) films grown by organic molecular beam deposition simultaneously onto MgO(001), SiO2/Si, and A-plane (112̄0) sapphire substrates. The latter allows one to produce, under suitable condit…
Stress migration in advanced Cu interconnects leads to device failure and to poor production throughput. In this work, microstructural effects on stress-migration resistance were investigated in two types of electroplated Cu metallization having a 〈111〉 texture and a random texture. Transmission electron microscopy sh…
This letter presents evidence of an oxidation-driven failure mechanism in Cu interconnects integrated with ultralow-κ materials. It is found that the open pore structure of ultralow-κ materials allows oxidants in the ambient to reach the interconnect structure and induce oxidation of Cu. In contrast to a normal oxidat…
We report on the microfabrication of continuous aspherical optical surfaces with a single-mask process, using anisotropic etching of silicon in a KOH water solution. Precise arbitrary aspherical surfaces with lateral scales on the order of several millimeters and a profile depth on the order of several micrometers wer…
A Raman study of natural magnetite has been performed at high pressure up to 20 GPa. Upon compression, the vibrational spectra do not exhibit any changes, except for the continuous shift to higher frequencies. Vibrational modeling of the specific heat and entropy based on the modified Kieffer’s model allowed the estim…