Materials Literature
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Nanoporous TiO(2) films loaded with gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit negative potential changes and anodic currents in response to visible light irradiation, so that the films would potentially be applicable to inexpensive photovoltaic cells, photocatalysts and simple plasmon sensors.
Multivalency is a powerful and versatile self-assembly pathway that confers unique thermodynamic and kinetic behavior onto supramolecular complexes. The diversity of the examples of supramolecular multivalent systems discussed in this perspective shows that the concept of multivalency is a general phenomenon, and that…
Studying the structure of disordered and partially ordered materials is notoriously difficult. Recently, significant advances have been made using the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of powder diffraction data coupled with the use of advanced X-ray and neutron sources and fast computers. Here we summa…
Ferroelectric liquid crystals have been a major research topic since 30 years. However, when it comes to liquid crystals, the term “ferroelectric” is strongly ambiguous and frequently not only leads to confusion and misunderstanding but also obscures the basic concepts. The property of ferroelectricity in liquid cryst…
Significant challenges must be overcome before the true benefit and economic impact of vascular tissue engineering can be fully realized. Toward that end, we have pioneered the electrospinning of micro- and nano-fibrous scaffoldings from the natural polymers collagen and elastin and applied these to development of bio…
This tutorial review describes in a brief historical perspective the most important organic compounds that exhibit photochromism in the crystalline state since its discovery in 1867 up to now and considers in detail Schiff bases of salicylaldehyde with amines (anils). The latter comprise a chemical system undergoing h…
Solvated lithium-ion transfer at the interface between the graphite and electrolyte was investigated by ac impedance spectroscopy. Electrolytes consisting of 1 mol dissolved in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were used. Cyclic voltammograms of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in the above elec…
Abstract The current–voltage characteristics of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/OC 1 C 10 ‐PPV:PCBM/Al solar cells were measured in the temperature range 125–320 K under variable illumination, between 0.03 and 100 mW cm –2 (white light), with the aim of determining the efficiency‐limiting mechanism(s) in these devices, and the temperat…
Transmission enhancements of order 1000 have been reported for subwavelength hole arrays in metal films and attributed to surface plasmon (SP) resonance. We show that the properly normalized enhancement factor is consistently less than 7, and that similar enhancements occur in nonmetallic systems that do not support S…
We describe the microscopic details of porosity formation during dealloying as illuminated by a kinetic Monte Carlo model incorporating site coordination-dependent surface diffusion of all alloy components, and site coordination-dependent dissolution of the less-noble atoms. Our simulation model reproduces the entire…
The fundamental parameters approach to line profile fitting uses physically based models to generate the line profile shapes. Fundamental parameters profile fitting (FPPF) has been used to synthesize and fit data from both parallel beam and divergent beam diffractometers. The refined parameters are determined by the d…
We performed threefold shotgun sequencing of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome to obtain a draft sequence and establish a basic resource for comprehensive genome analysis. By using the newly developed RAMEN assembler, the sequence data derived from whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing were assembled into 49,345 scaff…
The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) is a comprehensive collection of crystal structure entries for inorganic materials. ICSD is produced by Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US. The WWW interface is developed in cooperation with the Institut…
The availability of feasible methods for hydrogen storage is one of the key-maybe the key-requirements for the large scale application of PEM fuel cells in cars. There are in principle four different approaches, i.e. cryostorage in liquid form, high pressure storage, storage in the form of a chemical compound which is…
An explicit connection between the electronic structure and the anisotropic high conductivity of delafossite-type PdCoO2 has been established by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and core-level x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The ARPES spectra show that a large hexagonal electronlike Fermi surface (F…
The influence of the choice of complexing ligand, zinc counter-ion, pH, ionic strength, supersaturation, deposition time and substrate on the nature of ZnO films grown from chemical baths (CBD) are discussed. There are significant differences between CBD and similar routes such as hydrothermal methods for ZnO films. M…
The effects of substituents and solvents on the photophysical and photochemical parameters of zinc(II) phthalocyanines are reported. The complexes studied are zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), zinc tetra(tert-butylphenoxy)phthalocyanine [ZnPc(TBPh)4], zinc octa(methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine [ZnPc(MPh)8], zinc tetranitrophtha…
Carbon nanotubes represent a relatively recently discovered allotrope of carbon that exhibits unique properties. While commercial interest in the material is leading to the development of mass production and handling facilities, little is known of the risk associated with exposure. In a two-part study, preliminary inv…
Bioapplications of carbon nanotubes have been predicted and explored ever since the discovery of these one-dimensional carbon allotropes. Indeed, carbon nanotubes have many interesting and unique properties potentially useful in a variety of biological and biomedical systems and devices. Significant progress has been…
Colloidal gold, a sol comprised of nanoparticles of Au(0), has been used as a therapeutic for the treatment of cancer as well as an indicator for immunodiagnostics. However, the use of these gold nanoparticles for in vivo drug delivery has never been described. This communication outlines the development of a colloida…