Materials Literature
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We use accurate first principles methods to study the network dynamics of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, including the motion of hydrogen. In addition to studies of atomic dynamics in the electronic ground state, we also adopt a simple procedure to track the H dynamics in light-excited states. Consistent with recent…
We propose an on-chip optical waveguide for Bose-Einstein condensates based on the evanescent light fields created by surface states of a photonic crystal. It is shown that the modal properties of these surface states can be tailored to confine the condensate at distances from the chip surface significantly longer tha…
We report the development of nanoprobes that exploit the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from nonaggregated, hollow, gold nanospheres (HGNSs). The homogeneity of the HGNSs leads to a nearly 10-fold improvement in signal consistency over standard silver SERS substrates, which translates into a significant incr…
We use a phase-field model to study the effect of confinement on dendritic growth, in a pure material solidifying in an undercooled melt, and in the directional solidification of a dilute binary alloy. Specifically, we observe the effect of varying the vertical domain extent (δ) on tip selection, by quantifying the de…
We present a first-principles theory of the variation of magnetic anisotropy, K, with temperature, T, in metallic ferromagnets. It is based on relativistic electronic structure theory and calculation of magnetic torque. Thermally induced `local moment' magnetic fluctuations are described within the relativistic genera…
An energy-storage device consisting of polypyrrole (pPy) doped with indigo carmine (IC) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) has been fabricated. These redox-active conducting polymers (see figure) form the basis of a battery that depends on the faradaic reactions of the redox-active dopants,…
A very large drop in dielectric constant upon application of small magnetic fields is observed at room temperature for LuFe2O4 (see figure). Such behavior is unprecedented and indicates a strong coupling of spins and electric dipoles at room temperature. This behavior of LuFe2O4 is apparently related to its ferroelect…
Ferroelectric single–crystalline PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films, free from extended defects, are grown by pulsed laser deposition onto vicinal SrTiO3(001) single crystals. The PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 films are strained and exhibit enhanced tetragonality, c/a ≈ 1.06. They have a remnant polarization, Pr ≈ 110 μC cm–2, dielectric con…
We report on the wettability properties of silicon surfaces, simultaneously structured on the micrometre-scale and the nanometre-scale by femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation to render silicon hydrophobic. By varying the laser fluence, it was possible to control the wetting properties of a silicon surface through a syst…
A novel PAMAM dendrimer-based nanoprobe for dual magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging modalities was synthesized. Fluorescence studies revealed that Gd(III) complexation to the probe has no effect on the quantum yield; however, increases in the dye content resulted in partial quenching. The potential of the new…
We evaluated the o-nitrobenzyl platform for designing photolabile protecting groups with red-shifted absorption that could be photolyzed upon one- and two-photon excitation. Several synthetic pathways to build different conjugated o-nitrobenzyl backbones, as well as to vary the benzylic position, are reported. Relativ…
Ultrathin layers of the versatile spinel oxide NiFe2O4 can be conductive or insulating depending on the growth conditions. Conductive NiFe2O4 (NFO) electrodes are inserted into conventional magnetic tunnel junctions containing La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/SrTiO3 (LMSO/STO) bilayers, and insulating and ferrimagnetic NiFe2O4 layers a…
The term “electromagnetism” comes from the fact that the electric and magnetic fields are generally not independent of one another. A changing magnetic field produces an electric field (electromagnetic induction), whereas the motion of electric charges, or electric current, generates a magnetic field (the Biot-Savart…
The hydroxyl end group of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) has been utilized for the first time to reduce AgNO3 in water, generating the Ag triangular nanoplates shown in the figure via kinetic control. PVP is widely used in the chemical synthesis of many types of colloidal nanocrystals, where it is mainly considered as…
Ceria nanoparticles are one of the key abrasive materials for chemical-mechanical planarization of advanced integrated circuits. However, ceria nanoparticles synthesized by existing techniques are irregularly faceted, and they scratch the silicon wafers and increase defect concentrations. We developed an approach for…
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-based composite electrolytes were produced by mixture and firing of the base electrolyte, namely with silica, and silica and lanthanum oxide, to study the impact of presence and formation of new phases on the electrical performance of the composite materials. Combined information obtai…
A potassium gadolinium phosphate crystal, K 3 Gd 5 (PO 4 ) 6, has been synthesized by a high-temperature solution reaction and exhibits a new structural family of the alkali-metal−rare-earth phosphate system. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows the structure to be monoclinic with space group C 2/ c and the…
We study the equilibrium sediment of a multicomponent system of charged colloids using primitive model Monte Carlo simulations, which include counterions explicitly. We find separation of the different colloidal components into almost pure layers, where colloids with large charge-to-mass ratio sediment higher in the s…
ESR measurements have been performed on a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) halogen-bridged binuclear metal-complex ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{2}{(n\text{\ensuremath{-}}\text{pentyl}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{S}}_{2})}_{4}\mathrm{I}$ which exhibits successive electronic phase transitions. Anisotropy of the ESR linewidth shows a drastic change…
A laser-induced fluorescence electronic spectrum of RhB is reported. It is the first such known example for a metal monoboride. RhB10 and RhB11 species are observed in natural abundance. The molecular ground state has Σ+1 symmetry, an r0 bond length of 0.169nm, and a vibrational frequency of ∼920cm−1.