Materials Literature
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Abstract By using electromagnetic levitation, liquid Cu–Co alloys can be undercooled below their liquidus temperature into the metastable miscibility gap, leading to a phase separation into a cobalt‐rich L 1 phase and a cobalt‐poor L 2 phase. This paper reports on experimental and theoretical investigations into the p…
A hierarchy of CO2-based solvents is used to remove post-etch residues from vias and trenches in low-k patterned porous methylsilsesquioxane (pMSQ) interlayer dielectrics. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements indicate that, upon pressurization and depressurization with CO2, the thickness and refractive index return…
For photon-based maskless lithography we show that a system based on the incoherent addition of scanned, multiplexed, and on-axis focal spots from an array of diffractive-optical elements, such as binary-phase zone plates, has significant advantages over systems based on partially coherent projection of the image of a…
Threonine synthase, which is a PLP-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the beta,gamma-replacement reaction of l-homoserine phosphate to yield threonine and inorganic phosphate. The three-dimensional structures of the enzyme from Thermus thermophilus HB8 in its unliganded form and complexed with the substrate analogue 2-amino-…
In this article it is shown that moment models for batch crystallization processes are orbitally flat. The state dependent time scaling involved in orbital flatness is physically meaningful and leads to a notion of time that is very natural for the crystallization process. A procedure is presented to check if a desire…
TaN deposited by magnetron sputtering has application in semiconductor interconnect structures as a diffusion barrier and adhesion layer. TaN used in these applications has a hexagonal or cubic structure consistent with roughly 1:1 Ta:N levels, with a bulk resistivity of 300–500 μΩ cm and a diffusion barrier failure t…
The in situ time-resolved analysis of Co-exchanged synthetic ferrierite was performed in the range 53−810 °C by Rietveld refinements of powder diffraction data. The small contraction of the unit cell volume (−2.35%) confirmed that the ferrierite framework behaves as a noncollapsible framework. Moreover, continuous mon…
A series of new side chain cholesteric liquid crystalline elastomers (P-2–P-6) containing the nematic crosslinking monomer 4-(10-undecen-1-yloyloxy)benzoyl-4′-allyloxybenzoyl-p-benzenediol bisate (M-1) and the cholesteric monomer 4-cholesteryl 4-(10-undecen-1-yloyloxy)benzoate (M-2) were synthesized. The chemical stru…
New regenerated cellulose fibers are prepared from solution (chemical cellulose con tents, 3, 4.5, 6, and 9 wt%) using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)/water (87/13 wt%) as a solvent by dry-wet spinning at a winding speed of 20-100 m/min. The chemical cellulose (97% α-cellulose content, 918 DPw, 98% JIS whiteness) us…
An approach to the unambiguous determination of the conformation of individual single walled nanotubes utilizing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and digital image processing is described. The exit plane wave of single walled nanotubes restored from a focal series of images is used in a stepwise charac…
Abstract Texture evolution was analyzed with the full-constraint Taylor model for an idealized perfectly plastic face-centered cubic material as well as for real, strain-hardening copper subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). For the idealized material, the stress in the plastically deformed part of the b…
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA) catalyzes the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the glycolytic pathway. FBPAs from archaeal organisms have recently been identified and characterized as a divergent family of proteins. Here, we repo…
The synthesis of the two monomers M 1 and M 2 and a series of new side-chain cholesteric liquid crystalline elastomers P 2 − P 8 is presented. The chemical structures of the monomers and elastomers obtained were confirmed by FTIR or 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The cross-link density of the elastomers was determined by swell…
ABSTRACT The effect of addition of CaCl2 2H2O and MgCl2 6H2O on crystallization kinetics and the rheological behavior of a 70% trehalose solution was studied by polarized light microscopy and dynamic oscillatory rheometry. Salts caused a delay on nucleation with induction times for crystallization longer for Mg2+ than…
In order to delay the undesirable discoloration of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) by heating, the synergetic effect of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as co-stabilizer with a mixture of zinc and calcium stearates was clarified. Usually, the abrupt discoloration was caused by the formation of a π-complex between the cool colour-…
Abstract Isothermal crystallization of natural rubber (NR) dispersed in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was made at −25 °C to investigate effects of both gel fraction of the rubber and morphology of the blend on the crystallization. NR, thus used, was lightly crosslinked model compound (model-NR), which was cured with…
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are synthesized by the ablation of a catalyst-containing carbon target with a cw CO 2 laser. Emphasis is on ablation conditions that are favorable to self-organized SWCNT synthesis. It is shown that the graphite target intensely evaporates with the formation of fractal-like tube…
Porous silicon (por-Si) is prepared by the electrochemical etching of single-crystal n -silicon in an aqueous-alcoholic solution of hydrofluoric acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide oxidizer. The dependence of the high-frequency C-V characteristics of Al/por-Si/Si heterostructures on the relative humidity is stud…
Negative charging of a specimen may produce the image contrast of yielding the information under the insulating thin film in scanning electron microscopy. To clarify and make good use of the recently developed negative-charging contrast (NCC), we propose a simplified procedure for quantifying secondary electron (SE) i…
This paper discusses the implications of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) results that revealed the presence of sizable amounts of carbon‐bearing species at the joint of a Roman lead pipe (fistula) and at the surface of a Roman bronze statue. The detailed description in Pliny'…